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Vasculature
Diagnosis
Venous
Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion
Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion
Sanjeeva P. Kalva, MD, FSIR, FCIRSE
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion

            • Synonyms

              • IVC obstruction

            • Definitions

              • Obstruction or occlusion of inferior vena cava from acute or chronic thrombosis or extrinsic compression

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Presentation

                      • Treatment

                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                        • Consider

                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                            Selected References

                            1. Hajduk B et al: Vena cava filter occlusion and venous thromboembolism risk in persistently anticoagulated patients: a prospective, observational cohort study. Chest. 137(4):877-82, 2010
                            2. Delis KT et al: Successful iliac vein and inferior vena cava stenting ameliorates venous claudication and improves venous outflow, calf muscle pump function, and clinical status in post-thrombotic syndrome. Ann Surg. 245(1):130-9, 2007
                            3. Koc Z et al: Interruption or congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava: prevalence, imaging, and clinical findings. Eur J Radiol. 62(2):257-66, 2007
                            4. Ushijima T et al: Successful surgical treatment of chronic inferior vena caval thrombosis following blunt trauma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 55(6):255-8, 2007
                            5. Healey CT et al: Endovascular stenting of ascending lumbar veins for refractory inferior vena cava occlusion. J Vasc Surg. 44(4):879-81, 2006
                            6. Raju S et al: Obstructive lesions of the inferior vena cava: clinical features and endovenous treatment. J Vasc Surg. 44(4):820-7, 2006
                            7. te Riele WW et al: Endovascular recanalization of chronic long-segment occlusions of the inferior vena cava: midterm results. J Endovasc Ther. 13(2):249-53, 2006
                            8. Yamada N et al: Pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for proximal deep vein thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 31(2):204-11, 2006
                            9. Hilliard NJ et al: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: three case reports and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 9(5):259-66, 2005
                            10. Robbins MR et al: Endovascular stenting to treat chronic long-segment inferior vena cava occlusion. J Vasc Surg. 41(1):136-40, 2005
                            11. Jost CJ et al: Surgical reconstruction of iliofemoral veins and the inferior vena cava for nonmalignant occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 33(2):320-7; discussion 327-8, 2001
                            12. Okuda K: Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (obliterative hepatocavopathy, Okuda). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 16(11):1179-83, 2001
                            13. Patel T et al: Successful stenting of a complex inferior vena cava stenosis using a modified sharp recanulization technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 52(4):492-5, 2001
                            14. Kazmers A et al: Duplex examination of the inferior vena cava. Am Surg. 66(10):986-9, 2000
                            15. Razavi MK et al: Chronically occluded inferior venae cavae: endovascular treatment. Radiology. 214(1):133-8, 2000
                            16. Hadar H et al: CT findings in chronic post-thrombotic obstruction of the inferior vena cava. J Comput Tomogr. 6(1):11-6, 1982
                            Related Anatomy
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                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                            References
                            Tables

                            Tables

                            KEY FACTS

                            • Terminology

                              • Imaging

                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                  • Clinical Issues

                                    • Diagnostic Checklist

                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                      • Abbreviations

                                        • Inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion

                                      • Synonyms

                                        • IVC obstruction

                                      • Definitions

                                        • Obstruction or occlusion of inferior vena cava from acute or chronic thrombosis or extrinsic compression

                                      IMAGING

                                      • General Features

                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                            PATHOLOGY

                                            • General Features

                                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                                              • Presentation

                                                • Treatment

                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                  • Consider

                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                      Selected References

                                                      1. Hajduk B et al: Vena cava filter occlusion and venous thromboembolism risk in persistently anticoagulated patients: a prospective, observational cohort study. Chest. 137(4):877-82, 2010
                                                      2. Delis KT et al: Successful iliac vein and inferior vena cava stenting ameliorates venous claudication and improves venous outflow, calf muscle pump function, and clinical status in post-thrombotic syndrome. Ann Surg. 245(1):130-9, 2007
                                                      3. Koc Z et al: Interruption or congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava: prevalence, imaging, and clinical findings. Eur J Radiol. 62(2):257-66, 2007
                                                      4. Ushijima T et al: Successful surgical treatment of chronic inferior vena caval thrombosis following blunt trauma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 55(6):255-8, 2007
                                                      5. Healey CT et al: Endovascular stenting of ascending lumbar veins for refractory inferior vena cava occlusion. J Vasc Surg. 44(4):879-81, 2006
                                                      6. Raju S et al: Obstructive lesions of the inferior vena cava: clinical features and endovenous treatment. J Vasc Surg. 44(4):820-7, 2006
                                                      7. te Riele WW et al: Endovascular recanalization of chronic long-segment occlusions of the inferior vena cava: midterm results. J Endovasc Ther. 13(2):249-53, 2006
                                                      8. Yamada N et al: Pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for proximal deep vein thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 31(2):204-11, 2006
                                                      9. Hilliard NJ et al: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: three case reports and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 9(5):259-66, 2005
                                                      10. Robbins MR et al: Endovascular stenting to treat chronic long-segment inferior vena cava occlusion. J Vasc Surg. 41(1):136-40, 2005
                                                      11. Jost CJ et al: Surgical reconstruction of iliofemoral veins and the inferior vena cava for nonmalignant occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 33(2):320-7; discussion 327-8, 2001
                                                      12. Okuda K: Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (obliterative hepatocavopathy, Okuda). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 16(11):1179-83, 2001
                                                      13. Patel T et al: Successful stenting of a complex inferior vena cava stenosis using a modified sharp recanulization technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 52(4):492-5, 2001
                                                      14. Kazmers A et al: Duplex examination of the inferior vena cava. Am Surg. 66(10):986-9, 2000
                                                      15. Razavi MK et al: Chronically occluded inferior venae cavae: endovascular treatment. Radiology. 214(1):133-8, 2000
                                                      16. Hadar H et al: CT findings in chronic post-thrombotic obstruction of the inferior vena cava. J Comput Tomogr. 6(1):11-6, 1982