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Pediatrics
Diagnosis
Gastrointestinal
Upper Gastrointestinal Abnormalities Typically Seen in Infants and Young Children
Ingested Button Batteries
Ingested Button Batteries
Michael R. Aquino, MD, MHSc
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Clinical Issues

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Definitions

          • Ingestion of disc-shaped battery, typically by young child
            • Battery contains: Manganese dioxide, zinc-air, silver-oxide, mercuric-oxide, or lithium
              • Recent ↑ in lithium use: ↑ damage (due to ↑ efficiency & voltage) → ↑ morbidity & mortality
          • Esophagus is particularly susceptible to injury by lodged battery with potentially catastrophic consequences

        IMAGING

        • General Features

          • Radiographic Findings

            • CT

              • MR

                • Esophagram

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                            • Treatment

                              Selected References

                              1. Grey NEO et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings following button battery ingestion. Pediatr Radiol. 51(10):1856-66, 2021
                              2. Khalaf RT et al: Gastric injury secondary to button battery ingestions: a retrospective multicenter review. Gastrointest Endosc. 92(2):276-83, 2020
                              3. Meyer TJ et al: Systematic analysis of button batteries', euro coins', and disk magnets' radiographic characteristics and the implications for the differential diagnosis of round radiopaque foreign bodies in the esophagus. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 132:109917, 2020
                              4. Riedesel EL et al: Serial MRI findings after endoscopic removal of button battery from the esophagus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 215(5):1238-46, 2020
                              5. Pugmire BS et al: Imaging button battery ingestions and insertions in children: a 15-year single-center review. Pediatr Radiol. 47(2):178-85, 2017
                              6. Leinwand K et al: Button battery ingestion in children: a paradigm for management of severe pediatric foreign body ingestions. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 26(1):99-118, 2016
                              7. Kramer RE et al: Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 60(4):562-74, 2015
                              8. Pugmire BS et al: Review of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in children and their clinical significance for radiologists. Radiographics. 35(5):1528-38, 2015
                              9. Jatana KR et al: Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 77(9):1392-9, 2013
                              10. Litovitz T et al: Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications. Pediatrics. 125(6):1168-77, 2010
                              Related Anatomy
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                              Related Differential Diagnoses
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                              References
                              Tables

                              Tables

                              KEY FACTS

                              • Terminology

                                • Imaging

                                  • Clinical Issues

                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                    • Definitions

                                      • Ingestion of disc-shaped battery, typically by young child
                                        • Battery contains: Manganese dioxide, zinc-air, silver-oxide, mercuric-oxide, or lithium
                                          • Recent ↑ in lithium use: ↑ damage (due to ↑ efficiency & voltage) → ↑ morbidity & mortality
                                      • Esophagus is particularly susceptible to injury by lodged battery with potentially catastrophic consequences

                                    IMAGING

                                    • General Features

                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                        • CT

                                          • MR

                                            • Esophagram

                                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                  • General Features

                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                    • Presentation

                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                        • Treatment

                                                          Selected References

                                                          1. Grey NEO et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings following button battery ingestion. Pediatr Radiol. 51(10):1856-66, 2021
                                                          2. Khalaf RT et al: Gastric injury secondary to button battery ingestions: a retrospective multicenter review. Gastrointest Endosc. 92(2):276-83, 2020
                                                          3. Meyer TJ et al: Systematic analysis of button batteries', euro coins', and disk magnets' radiographic characteristics and the implications for the differential diagnosis of round radiopaque foreign bodies in the esophagus. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 132:109917, 2020
                                                          4. Riedesel EL et al: Serial MRI findings after endoscopic removal of button battery from the esophagus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 215(5):1238-46, 2020
                                                          5. Pugmire BS et al: Imaging button battery ingestions and insertions in children: a 15-year single-center review. Pediatr Radiol. 47(2):178-85, 2017
                                                          6. Leinwand K et al: Button battery ingestion in children: a paradigm for management of severe pediatric foreign body ingestions. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 26(1):99-118, 2016
                                                          7. Kramer RE et al: Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 60(4):562-74, 2015
                                                          8. Pugmire BS et al: Review of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in children and their clinical significance for radiologists. Radiographics. 35(5):1528-38, 2015
                                                          9. Jatana KR et al: Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 77(9):1392-9, 2013
                                                          10. Litovitz T et al: Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications. Pediatrics. 125(6):1168-77, 2010