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Ingested Multiple Magnets
Michael R. Aquino, MD, MHSc
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Clinical Issues

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Synonyms

          • Postgastric magnetopathy
        • Definitions

          • Ingestion of multiple magnets or single magnet + additional metallic foreign bodies
            • Potential for significant bowel complications due to attraction through bowel loops
          • Newer rare-earth magnets are composed of iron, boron, & neodymium: 5-10x stronger than traditional magnets

        IMAGING

        • Radiographic Findings

          • Imaging Recommendations

            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

              PATHOLOGY

              • General Features

                CLINICAL ISSUES

                • Presentation

                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                    • Treatment

                      Selected References

                      1. Han Y et al: Ingestion of multiple magnets in children. J Pediatr Surg. 55(10):2201-5, 2020
                      2. Strickland M et al: Case discussions and radiographic illustration of magnet-related injuries in children. J Emerg Med.58(6):902-9, 2020
                      3. Reeves PT et al: Trends of magnet ingestion in children, an ironic attraction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 66(5):e116-21, 2018
                      4. Kramer RE et al: Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 60(4):562-74, 2015
                      5. Pugmire BS et al: Review of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in children and their clinical significance for radiologists. Radiographics. 35(5):1528-38, 2015
                      6. Brown JC et al: Pediatric magnet ingestions: the dark side of the force. Am J Surg. 207(5):754-9; discussion 759, 2014
                      7. Abbas MI et al: Magnet ingestions in children presenting to US emergency departments, 2002-2011. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 57(1):18-22, 2013
                      8. De Roo AC et al: Rare-earth magnet ingestion-related injuries among children, 2000-2012. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 52(11):1006-13, 2013
                      9. Otjen JP et al: Imaging pediatric magnet ingestion with surgical-pathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 43(7):851-9, 2013
                      10. Hussain SZ et al: Management of ingested magnets in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 55(3):239-42, 2012
                      11. Oestreich AE: The usefulness of magnification in postgastric magnetopathy. Pediatr Radiol. 37(12):1268-9, 2007
                      Related Anatomy
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                      Related Differential Diagnoses
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                      References
                      Tables

                      Tables

                      KEY FACTS

                      • Terminology

                        • Imaging

                          • Clinical Issues

                            TERMINOLOGY

                            • Synonyms

                              • Postgastric magnetopathy
                            • Definitions

                              • Ingestion of multiple magnets or single magnet + additional metallic foreign bodies
                                • Potential for significant bowel complications due to attraction through bowel loops
                              • Newer rare-earth magnets are composed of iron, boron, & neodymium: 5-10x stronger than traditional magnets

                            IMAGING

                            • Radiographic Findings

                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                  PATHOLOGY

                                  • General Features

                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                    • Presentation

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Han Y et al: Ingestion of multiple magnets in children. J Pediatr Surg. 55(10):2201-5, 2020
                                          2. Strickland M et al: Case discussions and radiographic illustration of magnet-related injuries in children. J Emerg Med.58(6):902-9, 2020
                                          3. Reeves PT et al: Trends of magnet ingestion in children, an ironic attraction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 66(5):e116-21, 2018
                                          4. Kramer RE et al: Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 60(4):562-74, 2015
                                          5. Pugmire BS et al: Review of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in children and their clinical significance for radiologists. Radiographics. 35(5):1528-38, 2015
                                          6. Brown JC et al: Pediatric magnet ingestions: the dark side of the force. Am J Surg. 207(5):754-9; discussion 759, 2014
                                          7. Abbas MI et al: Magnet ingestions in children presenting to US emergency departments, 2002-2011. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 57(1):18-22, 2013
                                          8. De Roo AC et al: Rare-earth magnet ingestion-related injuries among children, 2000-2012. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 52(11):1006-13, 2013
                                          9. Otjen JP et al: Imaging pediatric magnet ingestion with surgical-pathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 43(7):851-9, 2013
                                          10. Hussain SZ et al: Management of ingested magnets in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 55(3):239-42, 2012
                                          11. Oestreich AE: The usefulness of magnification in postgastric magnetopathy. Pediatr Radiol. 37(12):1268-9, 2007