Herniation of bowel through mesenteric defect, congenital band, or normal anatomic opening
Transmesenteric hernia: Congenital mesenteric defect, usually near ileocecal valve or ligament of Treitz
Most common type in children
Acquired: Post surgical (iatrogenic) or post traumatic
Other types of internal hernias are more common in adults
Foramen of Winslow, paraduodenal, pericecal, transomental
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Dou L et al: Adhesive and non-adhesive internal hernia: clinical relevance and multi-detector CT images. Sci Rep. 9(1):12847, 2019
Shi Y et al: Congenital left paraduodenal hernia causing chronic abdominal pain and abdominal catastrophe. Pediatrics. 135(4):e1067-71, 2015
Lee N et al: Congenital internal hernia presented with life threatening extensive small bowel strangulation. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 16(3):190-4, 2013
Page MP et al: Newborn and toddler intestinal obstruction owing to congenital mesenteric defects. J Pediatr Surg. 43(4):755-8, 2008
Martin LC et al: Review of internal hernias: radiographic and clinical findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(3):703-17, 2006
Takeyama N et al: CT of internal hernias. Radiographics. 25(4):997-1015, 2005
Blachar A et al: Internal hernia: clinical and imaging findings in 17 patients with emphasis on CT criteria. Radiology. 218(1): 68-74, 2001
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Herniation of bowel through mesenteric defect, congenital band, or normal anatomic opening
Transmesenteric hernia: Congenital mesenteric defect, usually near ileocecal valve or ligament of Treitz
Most common type in children
Acquired: Post surgical (iatrogenic) or post traumatic
Other types of internal hernias are more common in adults
Foramen of Winslow, paraduodenal, pericecal, transomental
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Dou L et al: Adhesive and non-adhesive internal hernia: clinical relevance and multi-detector CT images. Sci Rep. 9(1):12847, 2019
Shi Y et al: Congenital left paraduodenal hernia causing chronic abdominal pain and abdominal catastrophe. Pediatrics. 135(4):e1067-71, 2015
Lee N et al: Congenital internal hernia presented with life threatening extensive small bowel strangulation. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 16(3):190-4, 2013
Page MP et al: Newborn and toddler intestinal obstruction owing to congenital mesenteric defects. J Pediatr Surg. 43(4):755-8, 2008
Martin LC et al: Review of internal hernias: radiographic and clinical findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(3):703-17, 2006
Takeyama N et al: CT of internal hernias. Radiographics. 25(4):997-1015, 2005
Blachar A et al: Internal hernia: clinical and imaging findings in 17 patients with emphasis on CT criteria. Radiology. 218(1): 68-74, 2001
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