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Spine
Differential Diagnosis
Intradural-Extramedullary
Modality-Specific Imaging Findings
Intramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense
Intramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD; Lubdha M. Shah, MD
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

    • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

      • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

        • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

          • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

            Selected References

            1. Asseyer S et al: Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: a systematic literature review of pathophysiology, symptoms, and current treatment strategies. Front Neurol. 11:778, 2020
            2. Prasad S et al: What you need to know about AQP4, MOG, and NMOSD. Semin Neurol. 39(6):718-31, 2019
            3. Flores BC et al: Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome. Neurosurg Rev. 40(1):15-28, 2017
            4. Melamed E et al: Update on biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2(4):e134, 2015
            5. Gross BA et al: Spinal pial (type IV) arteriovenous fistulae: a systematic pooled analysis of demographics, hemorrhage risk, and treatment results. Neurosurgery. 73(1):141-51; discussion 151, 2013
            6. Sato DK et al: Aquaporin-4 antibody-positive cases beyond current diagnostic criteria for NMO spectrum disorders. Neurology. 80(24):2210-6, 2013
            7. West TW et al: Acute transverse myelitis: demyelinating, inflammatory, and infectious myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 32(2):97-113, 2012
            8. Wingerchuk DM et al: Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 66(10):1485-9, 2006
            9. Vaithianathar L et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis--a quantitative T1 relaxation time mapping approach. J Neurol. 250(3):307-15, 2003
            10. Berger JR et al: Infectious myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 22(2): 133-42, 2002
            11. Losseff NA et al: T1 hypointensity of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 248(6):517-21, 2001
            Related Anatomy
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            Related Differential Diagnoses
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            References
            Tables

            Tables

            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

              ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

              • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

                • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

                  • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

                    • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

                      Selected References

                      1. Asseyer S et al: Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: a systematic literature review of pathophysiology, symptoms, and current treatment strategies. Front Neurol. 11:778, 2020
                      2. Prasad S et al: What you need to know about AQP4, MOG, and NMOSD. Semin Neurol. 39(6):718-31, 2019
                      3. Flores BC et al: Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome. Neurosurg Rev. 40(1):15-28, 2017
                      4. Melamed E et al: Update on biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2(4):e134, 2015
                      5. Gross BA et al: Spinal pial (type IV) arteriovenous fistulae: a systematic pooled analysis of demographics, hemorrhage risk, and treatment results. Neurosurgery. 73(1):141-51; discussion 151, 2013
                      6. Sato DK et al: Aquaporin-4 antibody-positive cases beyond current diagnostic criteria for NMO spectrum disorders. Neurology. 80(24):2210-6, 2013
                      7. West TW et al: Acute transverse myelitis: demyelinating, inflammatory, and infectious myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 32(2):97-113, 2012
                      8. Wingerchuk DM et al: Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 66(10):1485-9, 2006
                      9. Vaithianathar L et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis--a quantitative T1 relaxation time mapping approach. J Neurol. 250(3):307-15, 2003
                      10. Berger JR et al: Infectious myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 22(2): 133-42, 2002
                      11. Losseff NA et al: T1 hypointensity of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 248(6):517-21, 2001