Hussain I et al: Surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 31(2):237-49, 2020
Ciccarelli O et al: Spinal cord involvement in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Lancet Neurol. 18(2):185-97, 2019
Thompson AJ et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 17(2):162-73, 2018
Thompson AJ et al: Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 391(10130):1622-36, 2018
Traboulsee A et al: Revised recommendations of the consortium of MS centers task force for a standardized MRI protocol and clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(3):394-401, 2016
Samartzis D et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Global Spine J. 5(5):425-35, 2015
De Smet E et al: Traumatic myelopathy: current concepts in imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(3):318-31, 2014
Bydon M et al: Multiple primary intramedullary ependymomas: a case report and review of the literature. Spine J. 13(10):1379-86, 2013
Menashe SJ et al: Pediatric spinal neoplasia: a practical imaging overview of intramedullary, intradural, and osseous tumors. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 42(6):249-65, 2013
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses
Selected References
Hussain I et al: Surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 31(2):237-49, 2020
Ciccarelli O et al: Spinal cord involvement in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Lancet Neurol. 18(2):185-97, 2019
Thompson AJ et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 17(2):162-73, 2018
Thompson AJ et al: Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 391(10130):1622-36, 2018
Traboulsee A et al: Revised recommendations of the consortium of MS centers task force for a standardized MRI protocol and clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(3):394-401, 2016
Samartzis D et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Global Spine J. 5(5):425-35, 2015
De Smet E et al: Traumatic myelopathy: current concepts in imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(3):318-31, 2014
Bydon M et al: Multiple primary intramedullary ependymomas: a case report and review of the literature. Spine J. 13(10):1379-86, 2013
Menashe SJ et al: Pediatric spinal neoplasia: a practical imaging overview of intramedullary, intradural, and osseous tumors. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 42(6):249-65, 2013
Essential Information
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