Nonanastomotic biliary strictures in liver allograft originally described in setting of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) or stenosis (HAS) but now known to occur due to wide variety of other microangiopathic and immunologic injuries
Associated with biliary cast syndrome,development of solid bilirubin casts in biliary tree, which result in biliary obstruction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Alabdulghani F et al: Radiological findings in ischaemic cholangiopathy. Clin Radiol. 75(3):1618, 2020
Goria O et al: Ischemic cholangiopathy: an update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 44(4):486-90, 2020
Lemmers A et al: Biliary cast syndrome after liver transplantation: a cholangiographic evolution study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. ePub, 2020
Menon S et al: Large-duct cholangiopathies: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Frontline Gastroenterol. 10(3):284-91, 2019
Luo Y et al: Graft cholangiopathy: etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 13(1):10-7, 2014
Mourad MM et al: Etiology and management of hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 20(6):713-23, 2014
Imam MH et al: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Clin Liver Dis. 17(2):269-77, 2013
Yang YL et al: Biliary casts after liver transplantation: morphology and biochemical analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 19(43):7772-7, 2013
Cursio R et al: Ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic-type biliary lesions following liver transplantation. J Transplant. 2012:164329, 2012
Kinner S et al: Biliary complications after liver transplantation: addition of T1-weighted images to MR cholangiopancreatography facilitates detection of cast in biliary cast syndrome. Radiology. 263(2):429-36, 2012
Collettini F et al: Ischemic-type biliary lesions after ortothopic liver transplantation: diagnosis with magnetic resonance cholangiography. Transplant Proc. 43(7):2660-3, 2011
Kirchner GI et al: Outcome of patients with ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 46(4):471-8, 2011
Park YS et al: Hepatic arterial stenosis assessed with doppler US after liver transplantation: frequent false-positive diagnoses with tardus parvus waveform and value of adding optimal peak systolic velocity cutoff. Radiology. 260(3):884-91, 2011
Katz LH et al: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the accurate diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - long-term follow-up. Clin Transplant. 24(5):E163-9, 2010
Singh AK et al: Postoperative imaging in liver transplantation: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(2):339-51, 2010
Deltenre P et al: Ischemic cholangiopathy. Semin Liver Dis. 28(3):235-46, 2008
Gelbmann CM et al: Ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 102(6):1221-9, 2007
Verdonk RC et al: Nonanastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation, part 2: management, outcome, and risk factors for disease progression. Liver Transpl. 13(5):725-32, 2007
Buis CI et al: Causes and consequences of ischemic-type biliary lesions after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 13(6):517-24, 2006
Ward J et al: Bile duct strictures after hepatobiliary surgery: assessment with MR cholangiography. Radiology. 231(1):101-8, 2004
Quiroga S et al: Complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: spectrum of findings with helical CT. Radiographics. 21(5):1085-102, 2001
Ward EM et al: Hilar biliary strictures after liver transplantation: cholangiography and percutaneous treatment. Radiology. 177(1):259-63, 1990
Zajko AB et al: Cholangiographic findings in hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(3):485-9, 1987
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Ischemic cholangitis, ischemic cholangiopathy
Definitions
Nonanastomotic biliary strictures in liver allograft originally described in setting of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) or stenosis (HAS) but now known to occur due to wide variety of other microangiopathic and immunologic injuries
Associated with biliary cast syndrome,development of solid bilirubin casts in biliary tree, which result in biliary obstruction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Alabdulghani F et al: Radiological findings in ischaemic cholangiopathy. Clin Radiol. 75(3):1618, 2020
Goria O et al: Ischemic cholangiopathy: an update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 44(4):486-90, 2020
Lemmers A et al: Biliary cast syndrome after liver transplantation: a cholangiographic evolution study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. ePub, 2020
Menon S et al: Large-duct cholangiopathies: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Frontline Gastroenterol. 10(3):284-91, 2019
Luo Y et al: Graft cholangiopathy: etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 13(1):10-7, 2014
Mourad MM et al: Etiology and management of hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 20(6):713-23, 2014
Imam MH et al: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Clin Liver Dis. 17(2):269-77, 2013
Yang YL et al: Biliary casts after liver transplantation: morphology and biochemical analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 19(43):7772-7, 2013
Cursio R et al: Ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic-type biliary lesions following liver transplantation. J Transplant. 2012:164329, 2012
Kinner S et al: Biliary complications after liver transplantation: addition of T1-weighted images to MR cholangiopancreatography facilitates detection of cast in biliary cast syndrome. Radiology. 263(2):429-36, 2012
Collettini F et al: Ischemic-type biliary lesions after ortothopic liver transplantation: diagnosis with magnetic resonance cholangiography. Transplant Proc. 43(7):2660-3, 2011
Kirchner GI et al: Outcome of patients with ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 46(4):471-8, 2011
Park YS et al: Hepatic arterial stenosis assessed with doppler US after liver transplantation: frequent false-positive diagnoses with tardus parvus waveform and value of adding optimal peak systolic velocity cutoff. Radiology. 260(3):884-91, 2011
Katz LH et al: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the accurate diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - long-term follow-up. Clin Transplant. 24(5):E163-9, 2010
Singh AK et al: Postoperative imaging in liver transplantation: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(2):339-51, 2010
Deltenre P et al: Ischemic cholangiopathy. Semin Liver Dis. 28(3):235-46, 2008
Gelbmann CM et al: Ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 102(6):1221-9, 2007
Verdonk RC et al: Nonanastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation, part 2: management, outcome, and risk factors for disease progression. Liver Transpl. 13(5):725-32, 2007
Buis CI et al: Causes and consequences of ischemic-type biliary lesions after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 13(6):517-24, 2006
Ward J et al: Bile duct strictures after hepatobiliary surgery: assessment with MR cholangiography. Radiology. 231(1):101-8, 2004
Quiroga S et al: Complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: spectrum of findings with helical CT. Radiographics. 21(5):1085-102, 2001
Ward EM et al: Hilar biliary strictures after liver transplantation: cholangiography and percutaneous treatment. Radiology. 177(1):259-63, 1990
Zajko AB et al: Cholangiographic findings in hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(3):485-9, 1987
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