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Jugular Foramen Schwannoma
Karen L. Salzman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Jugular foramen schwannoma (JFS)
          • Synonyms

            • Neuroma, neurilemoma, neurinoma
          • Definitions

            • Benign tumor of differentiated Schwann cells wrapping around CNIX, X, or XI within jugular foramen (JF)
              • Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) most common nerve of origin in JF

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • CT Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Angiographic Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          • Reporting Tips

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Sarris CE et al: Transtemporal suprajugular approach with neck dissection for jugular foramen tumor resection: operative video. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 82(Suppl 1):S55-6, 2021
                                            2. Ma SC et al: The jugular process: a key anatomical landmark for approaches to the jugular foramen. World Neurosurg. 135:e686-94, 2020
                                            3. Luzzi S et al: Anterolateral approach for retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal space schwannomas involving the jugular foramen area: a 20-year experience. World Neurosurg. 132:e40-52, 2019
                                            4. Matsushima K et al: Retrosigmoid intradural suprajugular approach to jugular foramen tumors with intraforaminal extension: surgical series of 19 cases. World Neurosurg. 125:e984-91, 2019
                                            5. Shin M et al: Endoscopic transmastoid posterior petrosal approach for locally aggressive tumors in the petrous part of the temporal bone involving the internal auditory canal, jugular foramen, and hypoglossal canal. J Neurosurg. 1-13, 2019
                                            6. Kano H et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery for jugular foramen schwannomas: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 129(4):928-36, 2018
                                            7. Ryu SM et al: Optimal treatment of jugular foramen schwannomas: long-term outcome of a multidisciplinary approach for a series of 29 cases in a single institute. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 159(8):1517-27, 2017
                                            8. Hasegawa T et al: Gamma knife surgery for patients with jugular foramen schwannomas: a multiinstitutional retrospective study in Japan. J Neurosurg. 1-10, 2016
                                            9. Komune N et al: Surgical approaches to jugular foramen schwannomas: an anatomic study. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1041-53, 2016
                                            10. Park ES et al: A single-institution retrospective study of jugular foramen schwannoma management: radical resection versus subtotal intracranial resection through a retrosigmoid suboccipital approach followed by radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 88:552-62, 2016
                                            11. Li W et al: Lesions involving the jugular foramen: clinical characteristics and surgical management. Acta Otolaryngol. 135(6):565-71, 2015
                                            12. Thomas AJ et al: Nonparaganglioma jugular foramen tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(2):343-59, 2015
                                            13. Hasegawa T: Stereotactic radiosurgery for nonvestibular schwannomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 24(4):531-42, 2013
                                            14. Sedney CL et al: Microsurgical management of jugular foramen schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 72(1):42-6; discussion 46, 2013
                                            15. Fayad JN et al: Jugular foramen tumors: clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Otol Neurotol. 31(2):299-305, 2010
                                            16. Safavi-Abbasi S et al: Nonvestibular schwannomas: an evaluation of functional outcome after radiosurgical and microsurgical management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(1):35-46, 2010
                                            17. Saman Y et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma presenting with glossopharyngeal neuralgia syncope syndrome. J Laryngol Otol. 124(12):1305-8, 2010
                                            18. Ahmad M et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma--a very rare entity. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 21(2):174-5, 2009
                                            19. Chibbaro S et al: Dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas: surgical management, outcome and complications on a series of 16 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 32(2):151-9; discussion 159, 2009
                                            20. Cho YS et al: Surgical outcomes of lateral approach for jugular foramen schwannoma: postoperative facial nerve and lower cranial nerve functions. Neurosurg Rev. 32(1):61-6; discussion 66, 2009
                                            21. Fukuda M et al: Long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of jugular foramen schwannoma. Skull Base. 19(6):401-8, 2009
                                            22. Klimo P Jr et al: The posterior petrosal approach: technique and applications in pediatric neurosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 4(4):353-62, 2009
                                            23. Nishioka K et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for intracranial nonacoustic schwannomas including facial nerve schwannoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(5):1415-9, 2009
                                            24. Bakar B et al: Retro-tympanic pulsatile mass originating from dumb-bell jugular foramen schwannoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 150(3):291-3; discussion 293, 2008
                                            25. Bulsara KR et al: Microsurgical management of 53 jugular foramen schwannomas: lessons learned incorporated into a modified grading system. J Neurosurg. 109(5):794-803, 2008
                                            26. Hamm KD et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of nonacoustic schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 62(5 Suppl):A29-36; discussion A36, 2008
                                            27. Sangra M et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma in a child treated with complete surgical excision. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(8):971-4, 2008
                                            28. Song MH et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma: analysis on its origin and location. Otol Neurotol. 29(3):387-91, 2008
                                            29. Palacios E: Vocal fold paralysis secondary to a jugular foramen schwannoma. Ear Nose Throat J. 86(10):596, 598, 2007
                                            30. Quaranta N et al: A rare case of jugular foramen schwannoma arising from Jacobson's nerve. Acta Otolaryngol. 127(6):667-72, 2007
                                            31. Sanna M et al: Surgical management of jugular foramen schwannomas with hearing and facial nerve function preservation: a series of 23 cases and review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 116(12):2191-204, 2006
                                            32. Wilson MA et al: Jugular foramen schwannomas: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Laryngoscope. 115(8):1486-92, 2005
                                            33. Macdonald AJ et al: Primary jugular foramen meningioma: imaging appearance and differentiating features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(2):373-7, 2004
                                            34. Pollock BE et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery: the preferred management for patients with nonvestibular schwannomas? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(4):1002-7, 2002
                                            35. Zhang N et al: Gamma knife radiosurgery for jugular foramen schwannomas. J Neurosurg. 97(5 Suppl):456-8, 2002
                                            36. Eldevik OP et al: Imaging findings in schwannomas of the jugular foramen. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(6):1139-44, 2000
                                            37. Caldemeyer KS et al: The jugular foramen: a review of anatomy, masses, and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 17(5):1123-39, 1997
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Jugular foramen schwannoma (JFS)
                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Neuroma, neurilemoma, neurinoma
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Benign tumor of differentiated Schwann cells wrapping around CNIX, X, or XI within jugular foramen (JF)
                                                        • Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) most common nerve of origin in JF

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Angiographic Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Demographics

                                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                              • Treatment

                                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                • Consider

                                                                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                    • Reporting Tips

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Sarris CE et al: Transtemporal suprajugular approach with neck dissection for jugular foramen tumor resection: operative video. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 82(Suppl 1):S55-6, 2021
                                                                                      2. Ma SC et al: The jugular process: a key anatomical landmark for approaches to the jugular foramen. World Neurosurg. 135:e686-94, 2020
                                                                                      3. Luzzi S et al: Anterolateral approach for retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal space schwannomas involving the jugular foramen area: a 20-year experience. World Neurosurg. 132:e40-52, 2019
                                                                                      4. Matsushima K et al: Retrosigmoid intradural suprajugular approach to jugular foramen tumors with intraforaminal extension: surgical series of 19 cases. World Neurosurg. 125:e984-91, 2019
                                                                                      5. Shin M et al: Endoscopic transmastoid posterior petrosal approach for locally aggressive tumors in the petrous part of the temporal bone involving the internal auditory canal, jugular foramen, and hypoglossal canal. J Neurosurg. 1-13, 2019
                                                                                      6. Kano H et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery for jugular foramen schwannomas: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 129(4):928-36, 2018
                                                                                      7. Ryu SM et al: Optimal treatment of jugular foramen schwannomas: long-term outcome of a multidisciplinary approach for a series of 29 cases in a single institute. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 159(8):1517-27, 2017
                                                                                      8. Hasegawa T et al: Gamma knife surgery for patients with jugular foramen schwannomas: a multiinstitutional retrospective study in Japan. J Neurosurg. 1-10, 2016
                                                                                      9. Komune N et al: Surgical approaches to jugular foramen schwannomas: an anatomic study. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1041-53, 2016
                                                                                      10. Park ES et al: A single-institution retrospective study of jugular foramen schwannoma management: radical resection versus subtotal intracranial resection through a retrosigmoid suboccipital approach followed by radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 88:552-62, 2016
                                                                                      11. Li W et al: Lesions involving the jugular foramen: clinical characteristics and surgical management. Acta Otolaryngol. 135(6):565-71, 2015
                                                                                      12. Thomas AJ et al: Nonparaganglioma jugular foramen tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(2):343-59, 2015
                                                                                      13. Hasegawa T: Stereotactic radiosurgery for nonvestibular schwannomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 24(4):531-42, 2013
                                                                                      14. Sedney CL et al: Microsurgical management of jugular foramen schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 72(1):42-6; discussion 46, 2013
                                                                                      15. Fayad JN et al: Jugular foramen tumors: clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Otol Neurotol. 31(2):299-305, 2010
                                                                                      16. Safavi-Abbasi S et al: Nonvestibular schwannomas: an evaluation of functional outcome after radiosurgical and microsurgical management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(1):35-46, 2010
                                                                                      17. Saman Y et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma presenting with glossopharyngeal neuralgia syncope syndrome. J Laryngol Otol. 124(12):1305-8, 2010
                                                                                      18. Ahmad M et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma--a very rare entity. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 21(2):174-5, 2009
                                                                                      19. Chibbaro S et al: Dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas: surgical management, outcome and complications on a series of 16 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 32(2):151-9; discussion 159, 2009
                                                                                      20. Cho YS et al: Surgical outcomes of lateral approach for jugular foramen schwannoma: postoperative facial nerve and lower cranial nerve functions. Neurosurg Rev. 32(1):61-6; discussion 66, 2009
                                                                                      21. Fukuda M et al: Long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of jugular foramen schwannoma. Skull Base. 19(6):401-8, 2009
                                                                                      22. Klimo P Jr et al: The posterior petrosal approach: technique and applications in pediatric neurosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 4(4):353-62, 2009
                                                                                      23. Nishioka K et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for intracranial nonacoustic schwannomas including facial nerve schwannoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(5):1415-9, 2009
                                                                                      24. Bakar B et al: Retro-tympanic pulsatile mass originating from dumb-bell jugular foramen schwannoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 150(3):291-3; discussion 293, 2008
                                                                                      25. Bulsara KR et al: Microsurgical management of 53 jugular foramen schwannomas: lessons learned incorporated into a modified grading system. J Neurosurg. 109(5):794-803, 2008
                                                                                      26. Hamm KD et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of nonacoustic schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 62(5 Suppl):A29-36; discussion A36, 2008
                                                                                      27. Sangra M et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma in a child treated with complete surgical excision. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(8):971-4, 2008
                                                                                      28. Song MH et al: Jugular foramen schwannoma: analysis on its origin and location. Otol Neurotol. 29(3):387-91, 2008
                                                                                      29. Palacios E: Vocal fold paralysis secondary to a jugular foramen schwannoma. Ear Nose Throat J. 86(10):596, 598, 2007
                                                                                      30. Quaranta N et al: A rare case of jugular foramen schwannoma arising from Jacobson's nerve. Acta Otolaryngol. 127(6):667-72, 2007
                                                                                      31. Sanna M et al: Surgical management of jugular foramen schwannomas with hearing and facial nerve function preservation: a series of 23 cases and review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 116(12):2191-204, 2006
                                                                                      32. Wilson MA et al: Jugular foramen schwannomas: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Laryngoscope. 115(8):1486-92, 2005
                                                                                      33. Macdonald AJ et al: Primary jugular foramen meningioma: imaging appearance and differentiating features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(2):373-7, 2004
                                                                                      34. Pollock BE et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery: the preferred management for patients with nonvestibular schwannomas? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(4):1002-7, 2002
                                                                                      35. Zhang N et al: Gamma knife radiosurgery for jugular foramen schwannomas. J Neurosurg. 97(5 Suppl):456-8, 2002
                                                                                      36. Eldevik OP et al: Imaging findings in schwannomas of the jugular foramen. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(6):1139-44, 2000
                                                                                      37. Caldemeyer KS et al: The jugular foramen: a review of anatomy, masses, and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 17(5):1123-39, 1997