Presence of 1st-degree relative with ankylosing spondylitis, enthesitis-related arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease with sacroiliitis, Reiter syndrome, or acute anterior uveitis
Enthesitis is most commonly at Achilles, plantar fascia
Undifferentiated arthritis
Does not fulfill criteria for any category or fulfills criteria for multiple categories
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Jana M et al: Role of imaging in childhood arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. ePub, 2021
Ntoulia A et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for musculoskeletal indications in children. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
Pracoń G et al: Conventional radiography and ultrasound imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 25(1):68-81, 2021
Schiettecatte E et al: MR imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 25(1):82-93, 2021
Malattia C et al: Current status of MR imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 101629, 2020
Malattia C et al: Tocilizumab may slow radiographic progression in patients with systemic or polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: post hoc radiographic analysis from two randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 22(1):211, 2020
Lee JJY et al: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):691-709, 2018
Hemke R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee as an outcome measure in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an OMERACT reliability study on MRI scales. J Rheumatol. 44(8):1224-30, 2017
Nguyen JC et al: US evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and osteoarticular infection. Radiographics. 37(4):1181-201, 2017
Avenarius DF et al: Erosion or normal variant? 4-year MRI follow-up of the wrists in healthy children. Pediatr Radiol. 46(3):322-30, 2016
Kumar S: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: diagnosis and management. Indian J Pediatr. 83(4):322-7, 2016
Naredo E et al: One year in review: ultrasound in arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(1):1-10, 2016
Nusman CM et al: Contrast-enhanced MRI of the knee in children unaffected by clinical arthritis compared to clinically active juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur Radiol. 26(4):1141-8, 2016
Viswanathan V et al: Management of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indian J Pediatr. 83(1):63-70, 2016
Carrasco R: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis overview and involvement of the temporomandibular joint: prevalence, systemic therapy. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 27(1):1-10, 2015
Ording Muller LS et al: The joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Insights Imaging. 6(3):275-84, 2015
Hemke R et al: One-year followup study on clinical findings and changes in magnetic resonance imaging-based disease activity scores in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 41(1):119-27, 2014
Hemke R et al: Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee. Eur Radiol. 23(4):1075-83, 2013
Hemke R et al: The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol. 23(7):1998-2004, 2013
Sheybani EF et al: Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach. Radiographics. 33(5):1253-73, 2013
Beresford MW: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: new insights into classification, measures of outcome, and pharmacotherapy. Paediatr Drugs. 13(3):161-73, 2011
Prakken B et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 377(9783):2138-49, 2011
Beresford MW et al: New advances in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis--2: the era of biologicals. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 94(5):151-6, 2009
Vastert SJ et al: Systemic JIA: new developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 23(5):655-64, 2009
McGhee JL et al: Clinical utility of antinuclear antibody tests in children. BMC Pediatr. 4(1):13, 2004
Flato B et al: Prognostic factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study revealing early predictors and outcome after 14.9 years. J Rheumatol. 30(2):386-93, 2003
Ramanan AV et al: Macrophage activation syndrome following initiation of etanercept in a child with systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 30(2):401-3, 2003
Cassidy JT et al: A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 29(2):274-81, 1986
Presence of 1st-degree relative with ankylosing spondylitis, enthesitis-related arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease with sacroiliitis, Reiter syndrome, or acute anterior uveitis
Enthesitis is most commonly at Achilles, plantar fascia
Undifferentiated arthritis
Does not fulfill criteria for any category or fulfills criteria for multiple categories
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Jana M et al: Role of imaging in childhood arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. ePub, 2021
Ntoulia A et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for musculoskeletal indications in children. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
Pracoń G et al: Conventional radiography and ultrasound imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 25(1):68-81, 2021
Schiettecatte E et al: MR imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 25(1):82-93, 2021
Malattia C et al: Current status of MR imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 101629, 2020
Malattia C et al: Tocilizumab may slow radiographic progression in patients with systemic or polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: post hoc radiographic analysis from two randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 22(1):211, 2020
Lee JJY et al: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):691-709, 2018
Hemke R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee as an outcome measure in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an OMERACT reliability study on MRI scales. J Rheumatol. 44(8):1224-30, 2017
Nguyen JC et al: US evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and osteoarticular infection. Radiographics. 37(4):1181-201, 2017
Avenarius DF et al: Erosion or normal variant? 4-year MRI follow-up of the wrists in healthy children. Pediatr Radiol. 46(3):322-30, 2016
Kumar S: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: diagnosis and management. Indian J Pediatr. 83(4):322-7, 2016
Naredo E et al: One year in review: ultrasound in arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34(1):1-10, 2016
Nusman CM et al: Contrast-enhanced MRI of the knee in children unaffected by clinical arthritis compared to clinically active juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur Radiol. 26(4):1141-8, 2016
Viswanathan V et al: Management of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indian J Pediatr. 83(1):63-70, 2016
Carrasco R: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis overview and involvement of the temporomandibular joint: prevalence, systemic therapy. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 27(1):1-10, 2015
Ording Muller LS et al: The joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Insights Imaging. 6(3):275-84, 2015
Hemke R et al: One-year followup study on clinical findings and changes in magnetic resonance imaging-based disease activity scores in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 41(1):119-27, 2014
Hemke R et al: Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee. Eur Radiol. 23(4):1075-83, 2013
Hemke R et al: The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol. 23(7):1998-2004, 2013
Sheybani EF et al: Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach. Radiographics. 33(5):1253-73, 2013
Beresford MW: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: new insights into classification, measures of outcome, and pharmacotherapy. Paediatr Drugs. 13(3):161-73, 2011
Prakken B et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 377(9783):2138-49, 2011
Beresford MW et al: New advances in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis--2: the era of biologicals. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 94(5):151-6, 2009
Vastert SJ et al: Systemic JIA: new developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 23(5):655-64, 2009
McGhee JL et al: Clinical utility of antinuclear antibody tests in children. BMC Pediatr. 4(1):13, 2004
Flato B et al: Prognostic factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study revealing early predictors and outcome after 14.9 years. J Rheumatol. 30(2):386-93, 2003
Ramanan AV et al: Macrophage activation syndrome following initiation of etanercept in a child with systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 30(2):401-3, 2003
Cassidy JT et al: A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 29(2):274-81, 1986
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