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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
              • Synonyms

                • Juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
              • Definitions

                • Heterogeneous group of arthritides that begin before patient is 16 years of age, persist for more than 6 weeks, and are of unknown origin

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • Radiographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Imaging Recommendations

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • General Features

                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                  • Microscopic Features

                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                    • Presentation

                                      • Demographics

                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                          • Treatment

                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                            • Consider

                                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                Selected References

                                                1. Bovid KM et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis for the pediatric orthopedic surgeon. Orthop Clin North Am. 50(4):471-88, 2019
                                                2. Lee JJY et al: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):691-709, 2018
                                                3. Rosendahl K et al: Update on imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 48(6):783-4, 2018
                                                4. Elhai M et al: Radiological cervical spine involvement in young adults with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 52(2):267-75, 2013
                                                5. Decelle K et al: Tocilizumab for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 46(6):822-9, 2012
                                                6. Gowdie PJ et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 59(2):301-27, 2012
                                                7. von Bremen J et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-and now?: a systematic literature review of changes in craniofacial morphology. J Orofac Orthop. 73(4):265-76, 2012
                                                8. Prakken B et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 377(9783):2138-49, 2011
                                                9. Dannecker GE et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: classification, clinical presentation and current treatments. Horm Res. 72 Suppl 1:4-12, 2009
                                                10. Endén K et al: Subaxial cervical vertebrae in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis--something special? Joint Bone Spine. 76(5):519-23, 2009
                                                11. Kekilli E et al: Cervical involvement in juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis with bone scintigraphy. Rheumatol Int. 24(3):164-5, 2004
                                                12. Burgos-Vargas R et al: A short-term follow-up of enthesitis and arthritis in the active phase of juvenile onset spondyloarthropathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(5):727-31, 2002
                                                13. Haapasaari J et al: MRI diagnosis and successful treatment of upper cervical spine synovitis in a patient with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(2):256-7, 2002
                                                14. Laiho K et al: The cervical spine in juvenile chronic arthritis. Spine J. 2(2):89-94, 2002
                                                15. Roche CJ et al: The rheumatoid cervical spine: signs of instability on plain cervical radiographs. Clin Radiol. 57(4):241-9, 2002
                                                16. Cunnane G: Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 13(1):67-73, 2001
                                                17. Laiho K et al: The cervical spine in mutilant juvenile chronic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 68(5):425-9, 2001
                                                18. Prieur AM et al: Prognostic factors in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 3(5):371-8, 2001
                                                19. Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
                                                20. Zoli A et al: Craniocervical junction involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and radiological study. J Rheumatol. 27(5):1178-82, 2000
                                                21. Ansell BM: Prognosis in juvenile arthritis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 455:27-33, 1999
                                                22. Schneider R et al: Systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 12(2):245-71, 1998
                                                Related Anatomy
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                                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                                References
                                                Tables

                                                Tables

                                                KEY FACTS

                                                • Terminology

                                                  • Imaging

                                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                      • Pathology

                                                        • Clinical Issues

                                                          • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                            TERMINOLOGY

                                                            • Abbreviations

                                                              • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
                                                            • Synonyms

                                                              • Juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
                                                            • Definitions

                                                              • Heterogeneous group of arthritides that begin before patient is 16 years of age, persist for more than 6 weeks, and are of unknown origin

                                                            IMAGING

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Radiographic Findings

                                                                • CT Findings

                                                                  • MR Findings

                                                                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                          PATHOLOGY

                                                                          • General Features

                                                                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                                • Microscopic Features

                                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                          • Consider

                                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                              Selected References

                                                                                              1. Bovid KM et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis for the pediatric orthopedic surgeon. Orthop Clin North Am. 50(4):471-88, 2019
                                                                                              2. Lee JJY et al: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):691-709, 2018
                                                                                              3. Rosendahl K et al: Update on imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 48(6):783-4, 2018
                                                                                              4. Elhai M et al: Radiological cervical spine involvement in young adults with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 52(2):267-75, 2013
                                                                                              5. Decelle K et al: Tocilizumab for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 46(6):822-9, 2012
                                                                                              6. Gowdie PJ et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 59(2):301-27, 2012
                                                                                              7. von Bremen J et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-and now?: a systematic literature review of changes in craniofacial morphology. J Orofac Orthop. 73(4):265-76, 2012
                                                                                              8. Prakken B et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 377(9783):2138-49, 2011
                                                                                              9. Dannecker GE et al: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: classification, clinical presentation and current treatments. Horm Res. 72 Suppl 1:4-12, 2009
                                                                                              10. Endén K et al: Subaxial cervical vertebrae in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis--something special? Joint Bone Spine. 76(5):519-23, 2009
                                                                                              11. Kekilli E et al: Cervical involvement in juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis with bone scintigraphy. Rheumatol Int. 24(3):164-5, 2004
                                                                                              12. Burgos-Vargas R et al: A short-term follow-up of enthesitis and arthritis in the active phase of juvenile onset spondyloarthropathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(5):727-31, 2002
                                                                                              13. Haapasaari J et al: MRI diagnosis and successful treatment of upper cervical spine synovitis in a patient with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(2):256-7, 2002
                                                                                              14. Laiho K et al: The cervical spine in juvenile chronic arthritis. Spine J. 2(2):89-94, 2002
                                                                                              15. Roche CJ et al: The rheumatoid cervical spine: signs of instability on plain cervical radiographs. Clin Radiol. 57(4):241-9, 2002
                                                                                              16. Cunnane G: Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 13(1):67-73, 2001
                                                                                              17. Laiho K et al: The cervical spine in mutilant juvenile chronic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 68(5):425-9, 2001
                                                                                              18. Prieur AM et al: Prognostic factors in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 3(5):371-8, 2001
                                                                                              19. Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
                                                                                              20. Zoli A et al: Craniocervical junction involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and radiological study. J Rheumatol. 27(5):1178-82, 2000
                                                                                              21. Ansell BM: Prognosis in juvenile arthritis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 455:27-33, 1999
                                                                                              22. Schneider R et al: Systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 12(2):245-71, 1998