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Kaposi Sarcoma
Stephanie A. Bernard, MDCatherine C. Roberts, MDBehrang Amini, MD, PhD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Synonyms

            • Not recommended: angiosarcoma multiplex, idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of skin, granuloma multiplex hemorrhagicum
            • HHV-8 a.k.a. KS herpes virus
          • Definitions

            • Kaposi sarcoma (KS): low-grade vascular endothelial neoplasm developing in individuals who are HHV-8(+)

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Imaging Recommendations

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                      • Angiographic Findings

                        • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • General Features

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Cesarman E et al: Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 5(1):9, 2019
                                          2. Schneider JW et al: Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 18(4):529-39, 2017
                                          3. Cengiz A et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in a patient with HIV (-) Kaposi sarcoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 25(3):140-2, 2016
                                          4. Sen F et al: Factors affecting progression-free survival in non-HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma. J Dermatolog Treat. 1-3, 2015
                                          5. Vincenzi B et al: Classic Kaposi sarcoma: to treat or not to treat? BMC Res Notes. 8:138, 2015
                                          6. Davison JM et al: FDG PET/CT in patients with HIV. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(2):284-94, 2011
                                          7. Restrepo CS et al: Kaposi's sarcoma: imaging overview. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 32(5):456-69, 2011
                                          8. Ganem D: KSHV and the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: listening to human biology and medicine. J Clin Invest. 120(4):939-49, 2010
                                          9. O'Mahony D et al: Imaging techniques for Kaposi's sarcoma. J HIV Ther. 13(3):65-71, 2008
                                          10. Weiss SW et al: Malignant vascular tumors. In Weiss SW et al: Enzinger and Weiss' Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. Elsevier. 721-32, 2008
                                          11. Kransdorf MJ et al: Vascular and lymphatic tumors. In Kransdorf MJ et al: Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 177-83, 2006
                                          12. Restrepo CS et al: Imaging manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma. Radiographics. 26(4):1169-85, 2006
                                          13. Restrepo CS et al: Imaging findings in musculoskeletal complications of AIDS. Radiographics. 24(4):1029-49, 2004
                                          14. Tehranzadeh J et al: Musculoskeletal disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. Part II: non-infectious musculoskeletal conditions. Skeletal Radiol. 33(6):311-20, 2004
                                          15. Lamovec J et al: Kaposi sarcoma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 170-2, 2002
                                          16. Steinbach LS et al: Human immunodeficiency virus infection: musculoskeletal manifestations. Radiology. 186(3):833-8, 1993
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Not recommended: angiosarcoma multiplex, idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of skin, granuloma multiplex hemorrhagicum
                                                    • HHV-8 a.k.a. KS herpes virus
                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Kaposi sarcoma (KS): low-grade vascular endothelial neoplasm developing in individuals who are HHV-8(+)

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                              • Angiographic Findings

                                                                • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                          • Presentation

                                                                            • Demographics

                                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                • Treatment

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Cesarman E et al: Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 5(1):9, 2019
                                                                                  2. Schneider JW et al: Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 18(4):529-39, 2017
                                                                                  3. Cengiz A et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in a patient with HIV (-) Kaposi sarcoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 25(3):140-2, 2016
                                                                                  4. Sen F et al: Factors affecting progression-free survival in non-HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma. J Dermatolog Treat. 1-3, 2015
                                                                                  5. Vincenzi B et al: Classic Kaposi sarcoma: to treat or not to treat? BMC Res Notes. 8:138, 2015
                                                                                  6. Davison JM et al: FDG PET/CT in patients with HIV. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(2):284-94, 2011
                                                                                  7. Restrepo CS et al: Kaposi's sarcoma: imaging overview. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 32(5):456-69, 2011
                                                                                  8. Ganem D: KSHV and the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: listening to human biology and medicine. J Clin Invest. 120(4):939-49, 2010
                                                                                  9. O'Mahony D et al: Imaging techniques for Kaposi's sarcoma. J HIV Ther. 13(3):65-71, 2008
                                                                                  10. Weiss SW et al: Malignant vascular tumors. In Weiss SW et al: Enzinger and Weiss' Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. Elsevier. 721-32, 2008
                                                                                  11. Kransdorf MJ et al: Vascular and lymphatic tumors. In Kransdorf MJ et al: Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 177-83, 2006
                                                                                  12. Restrepo CS et al: Imaging manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma. Radiographics. 26(4):1169-85, 2006
                                                                                  13. Restrepo CS et al: Imaging findings in musculoskeletal complications of AIDS. Radiographics. 24(4):1029-49, 2004
                                                                                  14. Tehranzadeh J et al: Musculoskeletal disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. Part II: non-infectious musculoskeletal conditions. Skeletal Radiol. 33(6):311-20, 2004
                                                                                  15. Lamovec J et al: Kaposi sarcoma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 170-2, 2002
                                                                                  16. Steinbach LS et al: Human immunodeficiency virus infection: musculoskeletal manifestations. Radiology. 186(3):833-8, 1993