Inflammatory disease of small- & medium-sized blood vessels of unknown etiology, occurring mainly in children
Manifests mainly with prolonged fever, nonsuppurative conjunctivitis, inflamed mucosal membranes of mouth & lips, cervical lymphadenopathy, maculoerythematous rash, & desquamation of hands & feet
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gottlieb M et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 49:148-52, 2021
Zhang QY et al: Similarities and differences between multiple inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Pediatr. 17(4):335-40, 2021
Lee CH et al: Coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease: from multimodality imaging. Coron Artery Dis. 31(2):193-4, 2020
Matsubara D et al: Echocardiographic findings in pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 76(17):1947-61, 2020
McMurray JC et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a post-viral myocarditis and systemic vasculitis-a critical review of its pathogenesis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 8:626182, 2020
Pham V et al: Giant coronary aneurysms, from diagnosis to treatment: a literature review. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 113(1):59-69, 2020
Toubiana J et al: Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 369:m2094, 2020
Jindal AK et al: Kawasaki disease: characteristics, diagnosis, and unusual presentations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 15(10):1089-104, 2019
McCrindle BW et al: The role of echocardiography in Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):50-5, 2018
Miura M et al: Association of severity of coronary artery aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease and risk of later coronary events. JAMA Pediatr. 172(5):e180030, 2018
Singh S et al: Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):36-44, 2018
Tsuda E et al: Role of imaging studies in Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):56-63, 2018
McCrindle BW et al: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 135(17):e927-99, 2017
Newburger JW et al: Kawasaki Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 67(14):1738-49, 2016
Brown LM et al: A practical guide to pediatric coronary artery imaging with echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 28(4):379-91, 2015
Harnden A et al: Kawasaki disease. BMJ. 338:b1514, 2009
Mavrogeni S et al: How to image Kawasaki disease: a validation of different imaging techniques. Int J Cardiol. 124(1):27-31, 2008
Arnold R et al: Visualization of coronary arteries in patients after childhood Kawasaki syndrome: value of multidetector CT and MR imaging in comparison to conventional coronary catheterization. Pediatr Radiol. 37(10):998-1006, 2007
Takemura A et al: Utility of coronary MR angiography in children with Kawasaki disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):W534-9, 2007
Newburger JW et al: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 114(6):1708-33, 2004
Greil GF et al: Coronary magnetic resonance angiography in adolescents and young adults with kawasaki disease. Circulation. 105(8):908-11, 2002
Inflammatory disease of small- & medium-sized blood vessels of unknown etiology, occurring mainly in children
Manifests mainly with prolonged fever, nonsuppurative conjunctivitis, inflamed mucosal membranes of mouth & lips, cervical lymphadenopathy, maculoerythematous rash, & desquamation of hands & feet
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gottlieb M et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 49:148-52, 2021
Zhang QY et al: Similarities and differences between multiple inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Pediatr. 17(4):335-40, 2021
Lee CH et al: Coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease: from multimodality imaging. Coron Artery Dis. 31(2):193-4, 2020
Matsubara D et al: Echocardiographic findings in pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 76(17):1947-61, 2020
McMurray JC et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a post-viral myocarditis and systemic vasculitis-a critical review of its pathogenesis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 8:626182, 2020
Pham V et al: Giant coronary aneurysms, from diagnosis to treatment: a literature review. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 113(1):59-69, 2020
Toubiana J et al: Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 369:m2094, 2020
Jindal AK et al: Kawasaki disease: characteristics, diagnosis, and unusual presentations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 15(10):1089-104, 2019
McCrindle BW et al: The role of echocardiography in Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):50-5, 2018
Miura M et al: Association of severity of coronary artery aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease and risk of later coronary events. JAMA Pediatr. 172(5):e180030, 2018
Singh S et al: Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):36-44, 2018
Tsuda E et al: Role of imaging studies in Kawasaki disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 21(1):56-63, 2018
McCrindle BW et al: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 135(17):e927-99, 2017
Newburger JW et al: Kawasaki Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 67(14):1738-49, 2016
Brown LM et al: A practical guide to pediatric coronary artery imaging with echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 28(4):379-91, 2015
Harnden A et al: Kawasaki disease. BMJ. 338:b1514, 2009
Mavrogeni S et al: How to image Kawasaki disease: a validation of different imaging techniques. Int J Cardiol. 124(1):27-31, 2008
Arnold R et al: Visualization of coronary arteries in patients after childhood Kawasaki syndrome: value of multidetector CT and MR imaging in comparison to conventional coronary catheterization. Pediatr Radiol. 37(10):998-1006, 2007
Takemura A et al: Utility of coronary MR angiography in children with Kawasaki disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):W534-9, 2007
Newburger JW et al: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 114(6):1708-33, 2004
Greil GF et al: Coronary magnetic resonance angiography in adolescents and young adults with kawasaki disease. Circulation. 105(8):908-11, 2002
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