Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Langerhans cell granulomatosis, eosinophilic granuloma (EG), histiocytosis X
Definitions
- Abnormal histiocyte proliferation producing granulomatous skeletal lesions
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Nakamura N et al: Characteristic reconstitution of the spinal langerhans cell histiocytosis in young children. J Pediatr Orthop. 39(4):e308-e11, 2019
- Nakashima K et al: Radiotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis with paraplegia: A rare oncologic emergency case report in infancy and literature review. Brain Dev. 40(10):952-55, 2018
- Lee SK et al: Solitary Langerhans cell histocytosis of skull and spine in pediatric and adult patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(2):271-5, 2014
- Lee SW et al: Long-term clinical outcome of spinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. Int J Hematol. 106(3):441-9, 2017
- Xu X et al: Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine. Spine J. 18(10):1755-62, 2018
- Lü GH et al: Surgical treatment based on pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracic or lumbar spinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis complicated with neurologic deficit in children. Spine J. 14(5):768-76, 2014
- Vielgut I et al: Langerhans-cell histiocytosis of the cervical spine in an adult patient: case report and review of the literature. J Orthop. 14(2):264-7, 2017
- Sadashiva N et al: Surgical treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of cervical spine: case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(6):1149-52, 2016
- Chaudhary V et al: Neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a radiological review. Jpn J Radiol. 31(12):786-96, 2013
- Huang WD et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of spine: a comparative study of clinical, imaging features, and diagnosis in children, adolescents, and adults. Spine J. 13(9):1108-17, 2013
- Khung S et al: Skeletal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Insights Imaging. 4(5):569-79, 2013
- Montemurro N et al: Epidural spinal cord compression in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report. Br J Neurosurg. 27(6):838-9, 2013
- Hung YC et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in the pediatric spine: therapeutic dynamic change of spinal deformity. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(8):1243-50, 2012
- Ueda Y et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the lumbar spine in an adult. Orthopedics. 35(12):e1818-21, 2012
- Hyun SJ et al: Simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine: a rare combination. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(4):302-5, 2010
- Jiang L et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the cervical spine: a single Chinese institution experience with thirty cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(1):E8-15, 2010
- von Stebut E et al: Successful treatment of adult multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with psoralen-UV-A, prednisolone, mercaptopurine, and vinblastine. Arch Dermatol. 144(5):649-53, 2008
- Bavbek M et al: Spontaneous resolution of lumbar vertebral eosinophilic granuloma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 146(2):165-7, 2004
- Garg S et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine in children. Long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1740-50, 2004
- Kuhn J et al: Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby. 704, 2004
- Simanski C et al: The Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) of the cervical spine: a rare diagnosis of cervical pain. Magn Reson Imaging. 22(4):589-94, 2004
- Fernando Ugarriza L et al: Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the cervicothoracic junction causing neurological deficit. Br J Neurosurg. 17(2):178-81, 2003
- Puertas EB et al: Surgical treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in the thoracic spine in patients with neurological lesions. J Pediatr Orthop B. 12(5):303-6, 2003
- Bertram C et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the cervical spine. Spine. 27(13):1408-13, 2002
- Graham D et al: Greenfield's Neuropathology. 7th ed. London: Arnold. 1017-18, 2002
- Plasschaert F et al: Eosinophilic granuloma. A different behaviour in children than in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84(6):870-2, 2002
- Kamimura M et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the spine: early spontaneous disappearance of tumor detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Case report. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):312-6, 2000
- Reddy PK et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of spine in adults: a case report and review of literature. Spinal Cord. 38(12):766-8, 2000
- Yeom JS et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the spine. Analysis of twenty-three cases. Spine. 24(16):1740-9, 1999
- Kandoi M et al: Rapidly progressive polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma involving spine: a case report. Indian J Med Sci. 52(1):22-4, 1998
- Raab P et al: Vertebral remodeling in eosinophilic granuloma of the spine. A long-term follow-up. Spine. 23(12):1351-4, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Langerhans cell granulomatosis, eosinophilic granuloma (EG), histiocytosis X
Definitions
- Abnormal histiocyte proliferation producing granulomatous skeletal lesions
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Nakamura N et al: Characteristic reconstitution of the spinal langerhans cell histiocytosis in young children. J Pediatr Orthop. 39(4):e308-e11, 2019
- Nakashima K et al: Radiotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis with paraplegia: A rare oncologic emergency case report in infancy and literature review. Brain Dev. 40(10):952-55, 2018
- Lee SK et al: Solitary Langerhans cell histocytosis of skull and spine in pediatric and adult patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(2):271-5, 2014
- Lee SW et al: Long-term clinical outcome of spinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. Int J Hematol. 106(3):441-9, 2017
- Xu X et al: Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine. Spine J. 18(10):1755-62, 2018
- Lü GH et al: Surgical treatment based on pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracic or lumbar spinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis complicated with neurologic deficit in children. Spine J. 14(5):768-76, 2014
- Vielgut I et al: Langerhans-cell histiocytosis of the cervical spine in an adult patient: case report and review of the literature. J Orthop. 14(2):264-7, 2017
- Sadashiva N et al: Surgical treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of cervical spine: case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(6):1149-52, 2016
- Chaudhary V et al: Neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a radiological review. Jpn J Radiol. 31(12):786-96, 2013
- Huang WD et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of spine: a comparative study of clinical, imaging features, and diagnosis in children, adolescents, and adults. Spine J. 13(9):1108-17, 2013
- Khung S et al: Skeletal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Insights Imaging. 4(5):569-79, 2013
- Montemurro N et al: Epidural spinal cord compression in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report. Br J Neurosurg. 27(6):838-9, 2013
- Hung YC et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in the pediatric spine: therapeutic dynamic change of spinal deformity. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(8):1243-50, 2012
- Ueda Y et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the lumbar spine in an adult. Orthopedics. 35(12):e1818-21, 2012
- Hyun SJ et al: Simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine: a rare combination. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(4):302-5, 2010
- Jiang L et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the cervical spine: a single Chinese institution experience with thirty cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(1):E8-15, 2010
- von Stebut E et al: Successful treatment of adult multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with psoralen-UV-A, prednisolone, mercaptopurine, and vinblastine. Arch Dermatol. 144(5):649-53, 2008
- Bavbek M et al: Spontaneous resolution of lumbar vertebral eosinophilic granuloma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 146(2):165-7, 2004
- Garg S et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the spine in children. Long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1740-50, 2004
- Kuhn J et al: Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby. 704, 2004
- Simanski C et al: The Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) of the cervical spine: a rare diagnosis of cervical pain. Magn Reson Imaging. 22(4):589-94, 2004
- Fernando Ugarriza L et al: Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the cervicothoracic junction causing neurological deficit. Br J Neurosurg. 17(2):178-81, 2003
- Puertas EB et al: Surgical treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in the thoracic spine in patients with neurological lesions. J Pediatr Orthop B. 12(5):303-6, 2003
- Bertram C et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the cervical spine. Spine. 27(13):1408-13, 2002
- Graham D et al: Greenfield's Neuropathology. 7th ed. London: Arnold. 1017-18, 2002
- Plasschaert F et al: Eosinophilic granuloma. A different behaviour in children than in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84(6):870-2, 2002
- Kamimura M et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the spine: early spontaneous disappearance of tumor detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Case report. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):312-6, 2000
- Reddy PK et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of spine in adults: a case report and review of literature. Spinal Cord. 38(12):766-8, 2000
- Yeom JS et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the spine. Analysis of twenty-three cases. Spine. 24(16):1740-9, 1999
- Kandoi M et al: Rapidly progressive polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma involving spine: a case report. Indian J Med Sci. 52(1):22-4, 1998
- Raab P et al: Vertebral remodeling in eosinophilic granuloma of the spine. A long-term follow-up. Spine. 23(12):1351-4, 1998
