Christopher G. Anton, MD; A. Carlson Merrow, Jr., MD, FAAP
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Posterior oblique fracture through lateral condyle of humeral metaphysis with distal extension through unossified epiphyseal cartilage
Fracture line may dissipate within epiphyseal cartilage before reaching articular surface
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Bakarman KA et al: Humeral lateral condyle fractures in children: redefining the criteria for displacement. J Pediatr Orthop B. 25(5):429-33, 2016
Kang S et al: Predisposing effect of elbow alignment on the elbow fracture type in children. J Orthop Trauma. 29(8):e253-8, 2015
Narayanan S et al: Fishtail deformity - a delayed complication of distal humeral fractures in children. Pediatr Radiol. 45(6):814-9, 2015
Salgueiro L et al: Rate and risk factors for delayed healing following surgical treatment of lateral condyle humerus fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. ePub, 2015
Little KJ: Elbow fractures and dislocations. Orthop Clin North Am. 45(3):327-40, 2014
Song KS et al: Lateral condylar humerus fractures: which ones should we fix? J Pediatr Orthop. 32 Suppl 1:S5-9, 2012
Bernthal NM et al: Recovery of elbow motion following pediatric lateral condylar fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 93(9):871-7, 2011
Marcheix PS et al: Distal humerus lateral condyle fracture in children: when is the conservative treatment a valid option? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 97(3):304-7, 2011
Lemme K et al: Pediatric lateral condyle humeral fractures with and without associated elbow dislocations: a retrospective study. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 38(9):453-6, 2009
Pennington RG et al: Milch's classification of paediatric lateral condylar mass fractures: analysis of inter- and intraobserver reliability and comparison with operative findings. Injury. 40(3):249-52, 2009
Song KS et al: Internal oblique radiographs for diagnosis of nondisplaced or minimally displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(1):58-63, 2007
Chapman VM et al: Multidetector computed tomography of pediatric lateral condylar fractures. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29(6):842-6, 2005
Hasler CC et al: Prevention of growth disturbances after fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Pediatr Orthop B. 10(2):123-30, 2001
Landin LA: Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 202:1-109, 1983
Holmes JC et al: Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (135):128-31, 1978
Jakob R et al: Observations concerning fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 57(4):430-6, 1975
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Posterior oblique fracture through lateral condyle of humeral metaphysis with distal extension through unossified epiphyseal cartilage
Fracture line may dissipate within epiphyseal cartilage before reaching articular surface
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Bakarman KA et al: Humeral lateral condyle fractures in children: redefining the criteria for displacement. J Pediatr Orthop B. 25(5):429-33, 2016
Kang S et al: Predisposing effect of elbow alignment on the elbow fracture type in children. J Orthop Trauma. 29(8):e253-8, 2015
Narayanan S et al: Fishtail deformity - a delayed complication of distal humeral fractures in children. Pediatr Radiol. 45(6):814-9, 2015
Salgueiro L et al: Rate and risk factors for delayed healing following surgical treatment of lateral condyle humerus fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. ePub, 2015
Little KJ: Elbow fractures and dislocations. Orthop Clin North Am. 45(3):327-40, 2014
Song KS et al: Lateral condylar humerus fractures: which ones should we fix? J Pediatr Orthop. 32 Suppl 1:S5-9, 2012
Bernthal NM et al: Recovery of elbow motion following pediatric lateral condylar fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 93(9):871-7, 2011
Marcheix PS et al: Distal humerus lateral condyle fracture in children: when is the conservative treatment a valid option? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 97(3):304-7, 2011
Lemme K et al: Pediatric lateral condyle humeral fractures with and without associated elbow dislocations: a retrospective study. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 38(9):453-6, 2009
Pennington RG et al: Milch's classification of paediatric lateral condylar mass fractures: analysis of inter- and intraobserver reliability and comparison with operative findings. Injury. 40(3):249-52, 2009
Song KS et al: Internal oblique radiographs for diagnosis of nondisplaced or minimally displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(1):58-63, 2007
Chapman VM et al: Multidetector computed tomography of pediatric lateral condylar fractures. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29(6):842-6, 2005
Hasler CC et al: Prevention of growth disturbances after fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Pediatr Orthop B. 10(2):123-30, 2001
Landin LA: Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 202:1-109, 1983
Holmes JC et al: Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (135):128-31, 1978
Jakob R et al: Observations concerning fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 57(4):430-6, 1975
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