Cavalcanti LRP et al: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in adults: collateral circulation does not preclude direct reimplantation. J Card Surg. 36(2):731-4, 2021
De Rose C et al: Lung ultrasound in congenital cardiac abnormality: ALCAPA. Indian J Pediatr. 88(2):161-4, 2021
Tomoaia R et al: The role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of an asymptomatic patient with congenital anomaly. Med Ultrason. 23(2):231-4, 2021
Wen LY et al: Multimodal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of ALCAPA syndrome. Eur Heart J. 42(7):798, 2021
Jinmei Z et al: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) diagnosed in children and adolescents. J Cardiothorac Surg. 15(1):90, 2020
Sadoma D et al: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) as a cause of heart failure. Am J Case Rep. 20:1797-800, 2019
Bhalgat P et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial scar and coronary flow pattern in anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Indian Heart J. 70(2):303-7, 2018
Chatterjee A et al: Multimodality imaging of rare adult presentation of ALCAPA treated with Takeuchi repair. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 11(1):98-9, 2018
Agarwal PP et al: Anomalous coronary arteries that need intervention: review of pre- and postoperative imaging appearances. Radiographics. 37(3):740-57, 2017
Heermann P et al: Coronary artery anomalies: diagnosis and classification based on cardiac CT and MRI (CMR) - from ALCAPA to anomalies of termination. Rofo. 189(1):29-38, 2017
Li RJ et al: Diagnostic value of transthoracic echocardiography in patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(15):e3401, 2016
Naimo PS et al: Surgical intervention for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in children: a long-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg. 101(5):1842-8, 2016
Baraona F et al: Coronary arteries in childhood heart disease: implications for management of young adults. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2012
Shriki JE et al: Identifying, characterizing, and classifying congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. Radiographics. 32(2):453-68, 2012
Fehrenbacher TA et al: Surgery and critical care for anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Cardiol Young. 20 Suppl 3:35-43, 2010
Peña E et al: ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease. Radiographics. 29(2):553-65, 2009
Friedman AH et al: Identification, imaging, functional assessment and management of congenital coronary arterial abnormalities in children. Cardiol Young. 17 Suppl 2:56-67, 2007
Deibler AR et al: Imaging of congenital coronary anomalies with multislice computed tomography. Mayo Clin Proc. 79(8):1017-23, 2004
Frommelt PC et al: Congenital coronary artery anomalies. Pediatr Clin North Am. 51(5):1273-88, 2004
Schoenhagen P et al: Noninvasive imaging of coronary arteries: current and future role of multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 232(1):7-17, 2004
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) = Bland-White-Garland (BWG) syndrome
Definitions
ALCAPA: Most common congenital coronary artery anomaly presenting in children
Cavalcanti LRP et al: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in adults: collateral circulation does not preclude direct reimplantation. J Card Surg. 36(2):731-4, 2021
De Rose C et al: Lung ultrasound in congenital cardiac abnormality: ALCAPA. Indian J Pediatr. 88(2):161-4, 2021
Tomoaia R et al: The role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of an asymptomatic patient with congenital anomaly. Med Ultrason. 23(2):231-4, 2021
Wen LY et al: Multimodal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of ALCAPA syndrome. Eur Heart J. 42(7):798, 2021
Jinmei Z et al: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) diagnosed in children and adolescents. J Cardiothorac Surg. 15(1):90, 2020
Sadoma D et al: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) as a cause of heart failure. Am J Case Rep. 20:1797-800, 2019
Bhalgat P et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial scar and coronary flow pattern in anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Indian Heart J. 70(2):303-7, 2018
Chatterjee A et al: Multimodality imaging of rare adult presentation of ALCAPA treated with Takeuchi repair. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 11(1):98-9, 2018
Agarwal PP et al: Anomalous coronary arteries that need intervention: review of pre- and postoperative imaging appearances. Radiographics. 37(3):740-57, 2017
Heermann P et al: Coronary artery anomalies: diagnosis and classification based on cardiac CT and MRI (CMR) - from ALCAPA to anomalies of termination. Rofo. 189(1):29-38, 2017
Li RJ et al: Diagnostic value of transthoracic echocardiography in patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(15):e3401, 2016
Naimo PS et al: Surgical intervention for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in children: a long-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg. 101(5):1842-8, 2016
Baraona F et al: Coronary arteries in childhood heart disease: implications for management of young adults. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2012
Shriki JE et al: Identifying, characterizing, and classifying congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. Radiographics. 32(2):453-68, 2012
Fehrenbacher TA et al: Surgery and critical care for anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Cardiol Young. 20 Suppl 3:35-43, 2010
Peña E et al: ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease. Radiographics. 29(2):553-65, 2009
Friedman AH et al: Identification, imaging, functional assessment and management of congenital coronary arterial abnormalities in children. Cardiol Young. 17 Suppl 2:56-67, 2007
Deibler AR et al: Imaging of congenital coronary anomalies with multislice computed tomography. Mayo Clin Proc. 79(8):1017-23, 2004
Frommelt PC et al: Congenital coronary artery anomalies. Pediatr Clin North Am. 51(5):1273-88, 2004
Schoenhagen P et al: Noninvasive imaging of coronary arteries: current and future role of multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 232(1):7-17, 2004
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