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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC)
Synonyms
- Isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium
- LV hypertrabeculation
- Spongy myocardium
Definitions
- Suspected cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive LC trabeculation
- American Heart Association classifies LVNC as "genetic cardiomyopathy;" however, European Society of Cardiology defines as "nonclassified entity"
- Thought to be due to arrest of normal embryologic process of myocardial compaction
- Results in persistence of multiple prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses
- LVNC is favored to represent myocardial phenotype with heterogeneous genetic profile and variable course
- Termed isolated LVNC when unaccompanied by other structural heart disease
- Suspected cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive LC trabeculation
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
CT Findings
Radiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Liu J et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation of left ventricular functional, morphological, and structural features in children and adolescents vs. young adults with isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Int J Cardiol. 271:402, 2018
- Andreini D et al: Long-term prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance in left ventricle noncompaction: a prospective multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(20):2166-81, 2016
- Arbustini E et al: Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct genetic cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(9):949-66, 2016
- Weir-McCall JR et al: Left ventricular noncompaction: anatomical phenotype or distinct cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(20):2157-65, 2016
- Sidhu MS et al: Defining left ventricular noncompaction using cardiac computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging. 29(1):60-6, 2014
- Zemrak F et al: The relationship of left ventricular trabeculation to ventricular function and structure over a 9.5-year follow-up: the MESA study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 64(19):1971-80, 2014
- Grothoff M et al: Value of cardiovascular MR in diagnosing left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and in discriminating between other cardiomyopathies. Eur Radiol. 22(12):2699-709, 2012
- Kawel N et al: Trabeculated (noncompacted) and compact myocardium in adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 5(3):357-66, 2012
- Nucifora G et al: Myocardial fibrosis in isolated left ventricular non-compaction and its relation to disease severity. Eur J Heart Fail. 13(2):170-6, 2011
- Oechslin E et al: Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur Heart J. 32(12):1446-56, 2011
- Dodd JD et al: Quantification of left ventricular noncompaction and trabecular delayed hyperenhancement with cardiac MRI: correlation with clinical severity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189(4):974-80, 2007
- Weiford BC et al: Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Circulation. 109(24):2965-71, 2004
- Pignatelli RH et al: Clinical characterization of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 108(21):2672-8, 2003
- Jenni R et al: Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart. 86(6):666-71, 2001
- Oechslin EN et al: Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 36(2):493-500, 2000
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC)
Synonyms
- Isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium
- LV hypertrabeculation
- Spongy myocardium
Definitions
- Suspected cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive LC trabeculation
- American Heart Association classifies LVNC as "genetic cardiomyopathy;" however, European Society of Cardiology defines as "nonclassified entity"
- Thought to be due to arrest of normal embryologic process of myocardial compaction
- Results in persistence of multiple prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses
- LVNC is favored to represent myocardial phenotype with heterogeneous genetic profile and variable course
- Termed isolated LVNC when unaccompanied by other structural heart disease
- Suspected cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive LC trabeculation
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
CT Findings
Radiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Liu J et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation of left ventricular functional, morphological, and structural features in children and adolescents vs. young adults with isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Int J Cardiol. 271:402, 2018
- Andreini D et al: Long-term prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance in left ventricle noncompaction: a prospective multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(20):2166-81, 2016
- Arbustini E et al: Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct genetic cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(9):949-66, 2016
- Weir-McCall JR et al: Left ventricular noncompaction: anatomical phenotype or distinct cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(20):2157-65, 2016
- Sidhu MS et al: Defining left ventricular noncompaction using cardiac computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging. 29(1):60-6, 2014
- Zemrak F et al: The relationship of left ventricular trabeculation to ventricular function and structure over a 9.5-year follow-up: the MESA study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 64(19):1971-80, 2014
- Grothoff M et al: Value of cardiovascular MR in diagnosing left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and in discriminating between other cardiomyopathies. Eur Radiol. 22(12):2699-709, 2012
- Kawel N et al: Trabeculated (noncompacted) and compact myocardium in adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 5(3):357-66, 2012
- Nucifora G et al: Myocardial fibrosis in isolated left ventricular non-compaction and its relation to disease severity. Eur J Heart Fail. 13(2):170-6, 2011
- Oechslin E et al: Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur Heart J. 32(12):1446-56, 2011
- Dodd JD et al: Quantification of left ventricular noncompaction and trabecular delayed hyperenhancement with cardiac MRI: correlation with clinical severity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189(4):974-80, 2007
- Weiford BC et al: Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Circulation. 109(24):2965-71, 2004
- Pignatelli RH et al: Clinical characterization of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 108(21):2672-8, 2003
- Jenni R et al: Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart. 86(6):666-71, 2001
- Oechslin EN et al: Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 36(2):493-500, 2000
