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Gastrointestinal
Diagnosis
Abdominal Manifestations of Systemic Conditions
Malignant Neoplasms
Leukemia and Lymphoma
Leukemia and Lymphoma
Siva P. Raman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Synonyms

          • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
          • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)/Hodgkin disease

        • Definitions

          • Heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies with lymphoid or myeloid origin

        IMAGING

        • Imaging Recommendations

          • CT Findings

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                      • Microscopic Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Demographics

                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                              • Treatment

                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                • Consider

                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                    Selected References

                                    1. Cho JH et al: Peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics: review of ct findings for differential diagnosis. J Belg Soc Radiol. 104(1):8, 2020
                                    2. Facchinelli D et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Eur J Haematol. 105(4):468-75, 2020
                                    3. Majidi F et al: Clinical spectrum of primary adrenal lymphoma: results of a multicenter cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 183(4):453-62, 2020
                                    4. Peisen F et al: Retroperitoneal fibrosis and its differential diagnoses: the role of radiological imaging. Rofo. 192(10):929-36, 2020
                                    5. Wang P et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 45(10):830-2, 2020
                                    6. Yang Y et al: A case report of primary adrenal lymphoma: a rare but aggressive and invasive disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(28):e20938, 2020
                                    7. Younan G: Pancreas solid tumors. Surg Clin North Am. 100(3):565-80, 2020
                                    8. Karaosmanoglu AD et al: Primary lymphomas of the intraabdominal solid organs and the gastrointestinal tract: spectrum of imaging findings with histopathological confirmation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(9):2988-3005, 2019
                                    9. Cabral FC et al: Peritoneal lymphomatosis: CT and PET/CT findings and how to differentiate between carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis. Cancer Imaging. 13:162-70, 2013
                                    10. Ahmed S et al: Defining vascular signatures of malignant hepatic masses: role of MDCT with 3D rendering. Abdom Imaging. 38(4):763-73, 2013
                                    11. Fujinaga Y et al: MR features of primary and secondary malignant lymphoma of the pancreas: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 4(3):321-9, 2013
                                    12. Chang ST et al: Imaging of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(6):558-65, 2013
                                    13. Ganeshan D et al: Imaging of primary and secondary renal lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(5):W712-9, 2013
                                    14. Kim J et al: Testicular lymphoma. Ultrasound Q. 29(3):247-8, 2013
                                    15. Karlo CA et al: Computed tomography of the spleen: how to interpret the hypodense lesion. Insights Imaging. 4(1):65-76, 2013
                                    16. Nguyen DD et al: Renal lymphoma: MR appearance with diffusion-weighted imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 37(5):840-2, 2013
                                    17. Sia DS et al: Peritoneal lymphomatosis mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis: important imaging clues for correct diagnosis. Singapore Med J. 54(4):e93-6, 2013
                                    18. Tanpitukpongse TP et al: Radiology-pathology conference: primary adrenal lymphoma. Clin Imaging. 36(2):156-9, 2012
                                    19. Du X et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma: a clinical quandary of diagnosis and treatment. Pancreas. 40(1):30-6, 2011
                                    20. Paes FM et al: FDG PET/CT of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Radiographics. 30(1):269-91, 2010
                                    21. Chua SC et al: Imaging features of primary extranodal lymphomas. Clin Radiol. 64(6):574-88, 2009
                                    22. Anis M et al: Imaging of abdominal lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):265-85, viii-ix, 2008
                                    23. Lee WK et al: Abdominal manifestations of extranodal lymphoma: spectrum of imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(1):198-206, 2008
                                    24. Choi EK et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of bowel: CT findings. Radiology. 243(3):752-9, 2007
                                    25. Leite NP et al: Cross-sectional imaging of extranodal involvement in abdominopelvic lymphoproliferative malignancies. Radiographics. 27(6):1613-34, 2007
                                    26. Guermazi A et al: Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): imaging findings in adults and children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(2):319-25, 2002
                                    27. Guermazi A et al: Extranodal Hodgkin disease: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(1):161-79, 2001
                                    28. Glazer HS et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: computed tomographic demonstration of unusual extranodal involvement. Radiology. 149(1):211-7, 1983
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Terminology

                                      • Imaging

                                        • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Synonyms

                                            • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
                                            • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)/Hodgkin disease

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies with lymphoid or myeloid origin

                                          IMAGING

                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                            • CT Findings

                                              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                          • Presentation

                                                            • Demographics

                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                • Treatment

                                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                  • Consider

                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. Cho JH et al: Peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics: review of ct findings for differential diagnosis. J Belg Soc Radiol. 104(1):8, 2020
                                                                      2. Facchinelli D et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Eur J Haematol. 105(4):468-75, 2020
                                                                      3. Majidi F et al: Clinical spectrum of primary adrenal lymphoma: results of a multicenter cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 183(4):453-62, 2020
                                                                      4. Peisen F et al: Retroperitoneal fibrosis and its differential diagnoses: the role of radiological imaging. Rofo. 192(10):929-36, 2020
                                                                      5. Wang P et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 45(10):830-2, 2020
                                                                      6. Yang Y et al: A case report of primary adrenal lymphoma: a rare but aggressive and invasive disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(28):e20938, 2020
                                                                      7. Younan G: Pancreas solid tumors. Surg Clin North Am. 100(3):565-80, 2020
                                                                      8. Karaosmanoglu AD et al: Primary lymphomas of the intraabdominal solid organs and the gastrointestinal tract: spectrum of imaging findings with histopathological confirmation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(9):2988-3005, 2019
                                                                      9. Cabral FC et al: Peritoneal lymphomatosis: CT and PET/CT findings and how to differentiate between carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis. Cancer Imaging. 13:162-70, 2013
                                                                      10. Ahmed S et al: Defining vascular signatures of malignant hepatic masses: role of MDCT with 3D rendering. Abdom Imaging. 38(4):763-73, 2013
                                                                      11. Fujinaga Y et al: MR features of primary and secondary malignant lymphoma of the pancreas: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 4(3):321-9, 2013
                                                                      12. Chang ST et al: Imaging of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(6):558-65, 2013
                                                                      13. Ganeshan D et al: Imaging of primary and secondary renal lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(5):W712-9, 2013
                                                                      14. Kim J et al: Testicular lymphoma. Ultrasound Q. 29(3):247-8, 2013
                                                                      15. Karlo CA et al: Computed tomography of the spleen: how to interpret the hypodense lesion. Insights Imaging. 4(1):65-76, 2013
                                                                      16. Nguyen DD et al: Renal lymphoma: MR appearance with diffusion-weighted imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 37(5):840-2, 2013
                                                                      17. Sia DS et al: Peritoneal lymphomatosis mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis: important imaging clues for correct diagnosis. Singapore Med J. 54(4):e93-6, 2013
                                                                      18. Tanpitukpongse TP et al: Radiology-pathology conference: primary adrenal lymphoma. Clin Imaging. 36(2):156-9, 2012
                                                                      19. Du X et al: Primary pancreatic lymphoma: a clinical quandary of diagnosis and treatment. Pancreas. 40(1):30-6, 2011
                                                                      20. Paes FM et al: FDG PET/CT of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Radiographics. 30(1):269-91, 2010
                                                                      21. Chua SC et al: Imaging features of primary extranodal lymphomas. Clin Radiol. 64(6):574-88, 2009
                                                                      22. Anis M et al: Imaging of abdominal lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):265-85, viii-ix, 2008
                                                                      23. Lee WK et al: Abdominal manifestations of extranodal lymphoma: spectrum of imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(1):198-206, 2008
                                                                      24. Choi EK et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of bowel: CT findings. Radiology. 243(3):752-9, 2007
                                                                      25. Leite NP et al: Cross-sectional imaging of extranodal involvement in abdominopelvic lymphoproliferative malignancies. Radiographics. 27(6):1613-34, 2007
                                                                      26. Guermazi A et al: Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): imaging findings in adults and children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(2):319-25, 2002
                                                                      27. Guermazi A et al: Extranodal Hodgkin disease: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(1):161-79, 2001
                                                                      28. Glazer HS et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: computed tomographic demonstration of unusual extranodal involvement. Radiology. 149(1):211-7, 1983