Acute or chronic myeloid or lymphoid white blood cell neoplasia with spinal involvement as component of systemic disease
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Magome T et al: Whole-body distribution of leukemia and functional total marrow irradiation based on FLT-PET and dual-energy CT. Mol Imaging. 16:1536012117732203, 2017
Ganapule AP et al: Granulocytic sarcoma with compressive myelopathy: a rare presentation of chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Diagn Res. 8(7):QD03-4, 2014
Chamberlain MC: Comprehensive neuraxis imaging in leptomeningeal metastasis: a retrospective case series. CNS Oncol. 2(2):121-8, 2013
Mäkitie O et al: Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 168(2):281-8, 2013
Pacilli L et al: Promyelocytic sarcoma of the spine: a case report and review of the literature. Adv Hematol. 2010:137608, 2010
Seok JH et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine: MRI and clinical review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Feb;194(2):485-9. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):554, 2010
Zha Y et al: Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse spinal bone marrow infiltration in patients with hematological malignancies. Korean J Radiol. 11(2):187-94, 2010
Chamberlain MC et al: Diagnostic tools for neoplastic meningitis: detecting disease, identifying patient risk, and determining benefit of treatment. Semin Oncol. 36(4 Suppl 2):S35-45, 2009
Crofton PM: Bone and bone turnover. Endocr Dev. 15:77-100, 2009
Olcay L et al: A patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia who presented with conus medullaris syndrome and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 31(6):440-7, 2009
Laffan EE et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: a useful additional sequence in paediatric imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 34(6):472-80, 2004
Chang YW et al: Spinal MRI of vincristine neuropathy mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 33(11):791-3, 2003
Beckers R et al: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with low back pain. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 6(5):285-7, 2002
Vazquez E et al: Neuroimaging in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma: differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 22(6):1411-28, 2002
Buckland ME et al: Spinal chloroma presenting with triplegia in an aleukaemic patient. Pathology. 33(3):386-9, 2001
Carriere B et al: Vertebral fractures as initial signs for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Emerg Care. 17(4):258-61, 2001
Shalaby-Rana E et al: (99m)Tc-MDP scintigraphic findings in children with leukemia: value of early and delayed whole-body imaging. J Nucl Med. 42(6):878-83, 2001
Yavuz H et al: Transverse myelopathy: an initial presentation of acute leukemia. Pediatr Neurol. 24(5):382-4, 2001
Lo LD et al: Are L5 fractures an indicator of metastasis? Skeletal Radiol. 29(8):454-8, 2000
Kim HJ et al: Spinal involvement of hematopoietic malignancies and metastasis: differentiation using MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 23(2):125-33, 1999
Aisenberg J et al: Bone mineral density in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 20(3):241-5, 1998
Novick SL et al: Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the sacrum: initial manifestation of leukemia. Skeletal Radiol. 27(2):112-4, 1998
Sandhu GS et al: Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 100(3):205-8, 1998
Deme S et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine in nonleukemic patients: report of three cases. Neurosurgery. 40(6):1283-7, 1997
Wu CY et al: Detection of dural involvement by magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with acute leukemias--preliminary experience. Ann Hematol. 70(5):243-9, 1995
Heinrich SD et al: The prognostic significance of the skeletal manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. J Pediatr Orthop. 14(1):105-11, 1994
Acute or chronic myeloid or lymphoid white blood cell neoplasia with spinal involvement as component of systemic disease
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Magome T et al: Whole-body distribution of leukemia and functional total marrow irradiation based on FLT-PET and dual-energy CT. Mol Imaging. 16:1536012117732203, 2017
Ganapule AP et al: Granulocytic sarcoma with compressive myelopathy: a rare presentation of chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Diagn Res. 8(7):QD03-4, 2014
Chamberlain MC: Comprehensive neuraxis imaging in leptomeningeal metastasis: a retrospective case series. CNS Oncol. 2(2):121-8, 2013
Mäkitie O et al: Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 168(2):281-8, 2013
Pacilli L et al: Promyelocytic sarcoma of the spine: a case report and review of the literature. Adv Hematol. 2010:137608, 2010
Seok JH et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine: MRI and clinical review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Feb;194(2):485-9. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):554, 2010
Zha Y et al: Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse spinal bone marrow infiltration in patients with hematological malignancies. Korean J Radiol. 11(2):187-94, 2010
Chamberlain MC et al: Diagnostic tools for neoplastic meningitis: detecting disease, identifying patient risk, and determining benefit of treatment. Semin Oncol. 36(4 Suppl 2):S35-45, 2009
Crofton PM: Bone and bone turnover. Endocr Dev. 15:77-100, 2009
Olcay L et al: A patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia who presented with conus medullaris syndrome and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 31(6):440-7, 2009
Laffan EE et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: a useful additional sequence in paediatric imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 34(6):472-80, 2004
Chang YW et al: Spinal MRI of vincristine neuropathy mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 33(11):791-3, 2003
Beckers R et al: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with low back pain. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 6(5):285-7, 2002
Vazquez E et al: Neuroimaging in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma: differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 22(6):1411-28, 2002
Buckland ME et al: Spinal chloroma presenting with triplegia in an aleukaemic patient. Pathology. 33(3):386-9, 2001
Carriere B et al: Vertebral fractures as initial signs for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Emerg Care. 17(4):258-61, 2001
Shalaby-Rana E et al: (99m)Tc-MDP scintigraphic findings in children with leukemia: value of early and delayed whole-body imaging. J Nucl Med. 42(6):878-83, 2001
Yavuz H et al: Transverse myelopathy: an initial presentation of acute leukemia. Pediatr Neurol. 24(5):382-4, 2001
Lo LD et al: Are L5 fractures an indicator of metastasis? Skeletal Radiol. 29(8):454-8, 2000
Kim HJ et al: Spinal involvement of hematopoietic malignancies and metastasis: differentiation using MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 23(2):125-33, 1999
Aisenberg J et al: Bone mineral density in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 20(3):241-5, 1998
Novick SL et al: Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the sacrum: initial manifestation of leukemia. Skeletal Radiol. 27(2):112-4, 1998
Sandhu GS et al: Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 100(3):205-8, 1998
Deme S et al: Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine in nonleukemic patients: report of three cases. Neurosurgery. 40(6):1283-7, 1997
Wu CY et al: Detection of dural involvement by magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with acute leukemias--preliminary experience. Ann Hematol. 70(5):243-9, 1995
Heinrich SD et al: The prognostic significance of the skeletal manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. J Pediatr Orthop. 14(1):105-11, 1994
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