Grimm LJ et al: Normal axillary lymph node variability between white and black women on breast MRI. Acad Radiol. 25(3):305-308, 2018
Amin M et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th ed. 595-600; Springer, 2017
Shin K et al: Radiologic mapping for targeted axillary dissection: Needle biopsy to excision. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(6):1372-1379, 2016
Dogan BE et al: Sonography and sonographically guided needle biopsy of internal mammary nodes in staging of patients with breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(4):905-11, 2015
Lane DL et al: Role of sonography for the locoregional staging of breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(5):1132-41, 2014
Yang WT. Staging of breast cancer with ultrasound. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 32(4):331-41, 2011
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Anatomy of Lymph Node
Imaging Assessments
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Breast Lymphatic Drainage
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Preoperative Nodal Staging
MAJOR LYMPH NODE GROUPS
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Internal Mammary (Parasternal) Nodes
Supraclavicular Nodes
Surgical Axillary Lymph Node Levels
Intramammary Lymph Nodes
IMAGING ISSUES
Mammography
Ultrasound
MR
PET/CT
Lymphoscintigraphy (Optional)
Targeted Axillary Dissection
Selected References
Grimm LJ et al: Normal axillary lymph node variability between white and black women on breast MRI. Acad Radiol. 25(3):305-308, 2018
Amin M et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th ed. 595-600; Springer, 2017
Shin K et al: Radiologic mapping for targeted axillary dissection: Needle biopsy to excision. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(6):1372-1379, 2016
Dogan BE et al: Sonography and sonographically guided needle biopsy of internal mammary nodes in staging of patients with breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(4):905-11, 2015
Lane DL et al: Role of sonography for the locoregional staging of breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(5):1132-41, 2014
Yang WT. Staging of breast cancer with ultrasound. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 32(4):331-41, 2011
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