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Lymphocele of Neck
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Synonyms

                • Lymphatic cyst, lymphocyst, chylocele, chyloma, chylous cyst, (distal) thoracic duct cyst
              • Definitions

                • Benign cyst formed from leaking lymph channels

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Imaging Recommendations

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                        • Reporting Tips

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Majdalany BS et al: Contemporary lymphatic interventions for post-operative lymphatic leaks. Transl Androl Urol. 9(Suppl 1):S104-13, 2020
                                          2. Abadi P et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT to differentiate malignant necrotic lymph node from benign cystic lesions in the neck. Ann Nucl Med. 31(2):101-8, 2017
                                          3. Warren PS et al: Percutaneous transcervical thoracic duct embolization for treatment of a cervical lymphocele following anterior spinal fusion: a case report. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 24(12):1901-5, 2013
                                          4. Hamilton BE et al: Characteristic imaging findings in lymphoceles of the head and neck. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1431-5, 2011
                                          5. Wang YA et al: Spontaneous thoracic duct cyst presenting as a left supraclavicular mass - report of a case and review of literature. Phlebology. 24(2):82-4, 2009
                                          6. Roh JL et al: OK-432 sclerotherapy of cervical chylous lymphocele after neck dissection. Laryngoscope. 118(6):999-1002, 2008
                                          7. Ceylan A et al: Neck swelling following a vigorous neck massage. Diagnosis: cervical lymphocele. Neth J Med. 2007 Jun;65(6):219, 221. Erratum in: Neth J Med. 65(9):338, 2007
                                          8. Hekiert A et al: Spontaneous cervical lymphocele. Head Neck. 29(1):77-80, 2007
                                          9. Moesgaard L et al: Cervical thoracic duct cyst: a differential diagnosis of left supraclavicular swelling. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 264(7):797-9, 2007
                                          10. Nouwen J et al: Lymphocele after neck dissection. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 113(1):39-42, 2004
                                          11. Podbielski FJ et al: Spontaneous right cervicothoracic lymphocoele. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 125(3):736-7, 2003
                                          12. Ray J et al: Spontaneous thoracic duct cyst. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 260(5):280-2, 2003
                                          13. Lecanu JB et al: Lymphocele of the thoracic duct presenting as a left supraclavicular mass: a case report and review of the literature. Auris Nasus Larynx. 28(3):275-7, 2001
                                          14. Myers LL et al: Unilocular cervical lymphatic cyst in an adult. Am J Otolaryngol. 21(6):412-5, 2000
                                          15. Cope C et al: Management of chylothorax by percutaneous catheterization and embolization of the thoracic duct: prospective trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 10(9):1248-54, 1999
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Synonyms

                                                        • Lymphatic cyst, lymphocyst, chylocele, chyloma, chylous cyst, (distal) thoracic duct cyst
                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Benign cyst formed from leaking lymph channels

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Treatment

                                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                            • Consider

                                                                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                • Reporting Tips

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Majdalany BS et al: Contemporary lymphatic interventions for post-operative lymphatic leaks. Transl Androl Urol. 9(Suppl 1):S104-13, 2020
                                                                                  2. Abadi P et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT to differentiate malignant necrotic lymph node from benign cystic lesions in the neck. Ann Nucl Med. 31(2):101-8, 2017
                                                                                  3. Warren PS et al: Percutaneous transcervical thoracic duct embolization for treatment of a cervical lymphocele following anterior spinal fusion: a case report. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 24(12):1901-5, 2013
                                                                                  4. Hamilton BE et al: Characteristic imaging findings in lymphoceles of the head and neck. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1431-5, 2011
                                                                                  5. Wang YA et al: Spontaneous thoracic duct cyst presenting as a left supraclavicular mass - report of a case and review of literature. Phlebology. 24(2):82-4, 2009
                                                                                  6. Roh JL et al: OK-432 sclerotherapy of cervical chylous lymphocele after neck dissection. Laryngoscope. 118(6):999-1002, 2008
                                                                                  7. Ceylan A et al: Neck swelling following a vigorous neck massage. Diagnosis: cervical lymphocele. Neth J Med. 2007 Jun;65(6):219, 221. Erratum in: Neth J Med. 65(9):338, 2007
                                                                                  8. Hekiert A et al: Spontaneous cervical lymphocele. Head Neck. 29(1):77-80, 2007
                                                                                  9. Moesgaard L et al: Cervical thoracic duct cyst: a differential diagnosis of left supraclavicular swelling. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 264(7):797-9, 2007
                                                                                  10. Nouwen J et al: Lymphocele after neck dissection. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 113(1):39-42, 2004
                                                                                  11. Podbielski FJ et al: Spontaneous right cervicothoracic lymphocoele. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 125(3):736-7, 2003
                                                                                  12. Ray J et al: Spontaneous thoracic duct cyst. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 260(5):280-2, 2003
                                                                                  13. Lecanu JB et al: Lymphocele of the thoracic duct presenting as a left supraclavicular mass: a case report and review of the literature. Auris Nasus Larynx. 28(3):275-7, 2001
                                                                                  14. Myers LL et al: Unilocular cervical lymphatic cyst in an adult. Am J Otolaryngol. 21(6):412-5, 2000
                                                                                  15. Cope C et al: Management of chylothorax by percutaneous catheterization and embolization of the thoracic duct: prospective trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 10(9):1248-54, 1999