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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Large for gestational age (LGA)
Definitions
- Birth weight (BW) > 4,000 g or 4,500 g (or 10 lb)
- American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology supports > 4,500 g because morbidity to mother and child sharply increases beyond this weight
- LGA: Estimated fetal weight (EFW) or BW > 90th percentile
- No international standard established
- Country-specific population percentiles would be best
- Birth weight (BW) > 4,000 g or 4,500 g (or 10 lb)
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Black MH et al: The relative contribution of prepregnancy overweight and obesity, gestational weight gain, and IADPSG-defined gestational diabetes mellitus to fetal overgrowth. Diabetes Care. 36(1):56-62, 2013
- Dennedy MC et al: Macrosomia: defining the problem worldwide. Lancet. 381(9865):435-6, 2013
- Bjørstad AR et al: Macrosomia: mode of delivery and pregnancy outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 89(5):664-9, 2010
- Melamed N et al: Sonographic prediction of fetal macrosomia: the consequences of false diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):225-30, 2010
- Thorsell M et al: Large fetal size in early pregnancy associated with macrosomia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(4):390-4, 2010
- Culligan PJ et al: Elective cesarean section to prevent anal incontinence and brachial plexus injuries associated with macrosomia--a decision analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 16(1):19-28; discussion 28, 2005
- Schaefer-Graf UM et al: Determinants of fetal growth at different periods of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 26(1):193-8, 2003
- Conway DL: Choosing route of delivery for the macrosomic infant of a diabetic mother: Cesarean section versus vaginal delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 12(6):442-8, 2002
- Gilby JR et al: Fetal abdominal circumference measurements of 35 and 38 cm as predictors of macrosomia. A risk factor for shoulder dystocia. J Reprod Med. 45(11):936-8, 2000
- Sokol RJ et al: Correctly identifying the macrosomic fetus: improving ultrasonography-based prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 182(6):1489-95, 2000
- Sohaey R et al: Idiopathic polyhydramnios: association with fetal macrosomia. Radiology. 190(2):393-6, 1994
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Large for gestational age (LGA)
Definitions
- Birth weight (BW) > 4,000 g or 4,500 g (or 10 lb)
- American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology supports > 4,500 g because morbidity to mother and child sharply increases beyond this weight
- LGA: Estimated fetal weight (EFW) or BW > 90th percentile
- No international standard established
- Country-specific population percentiles would be best
- Birth weight (BW) > 4,000 g or 4,500 g (or 10 lb)
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Black MH et al: The relative contribution of prepregnancy overweight and obesity, gestational weight gain, and IADPSG-defined gestational diabetes mellitus to fetal overgrowth. Diabetes Care. 36(1):56-62, 2013
- Dennedy MC et al: Macrosomia: defining the problem worldwide. Lancet. 381(9865):435-6, 2013
- Bjørstad AR et al: Macrosomia: mode of delivery and pregnancy outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 89(5):664-9, 2010
- Melamed N et al: Sonographic prediction of fetal macrosomia: the consequences of false diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):225-30, 2010
- Thorsell M et al: Large fetal size in early pregnancy associated with macrosomia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(4):390-4, 2010
- Culligan PJ et al: Elective cesarean section to prevent anal incontinence and brachial plexus injuries associated with macrosomia--a decision analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 16(1):19-28; discussion 28, 2005
- Schaefer-Graf UM et al: Determinants of fetal growth at different periods of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 26(1):193-8, 2003
- Conway DL: Choosing route of delivery for the macrosomic infant of a diabetic mother: Cesarean section versus vaginal delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 12(6):442-8, 2002
- Gilby JR et al: Fetal abdominal circumference measurements of 35 and 38 cm as predictors of macrosomia. A risk factor for shoulder dystocia. J Reprod Med. 45(11):936-8, 2000
- Sokol RJ et al: Correctly identifying the macrosomic fetus: improving ultrasonography-based prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 182(6):1489-95, 2000
- Sohaey R et al: Idiopathic polyhydramnios: association with fetal macrosomia. Radiology. 190(2):393-6, 1994
