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Male, Breast Cancer
Mohammad Eghtedari, MD, PhDWendie A. Berg, MD, PhD, FACR, FSBI
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Primary carcinoma of male breast

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Mammographic Findings

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Consider

                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Chesebro AL et al: Male breast disease: what the radiologist needs to know. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
                                            2. Expert Panel on Breast imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S313-S320, 2018
                                            3. Fentiman IS: Surgical options for male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 172(3):539-44, 2018
                                            4. Gao Y et al: Male Breast cancer in the age of genetic testing: an opportunity for early detection, tailored therapy, and surveillance. Radiographics. 38(5):1289-1311, 2018
                                            5. Giordano SH: Breast cancer in men. N Engl J Med. 378(24):2311-20, 2018
                                            6. Gucalp A et al: Male breast cancer: a disease distinct from female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. ePub, 2018
                                            7. Hartley RL et al: Breast cancer in transgender patients: a systematic review. Part 1: male to female. Eur J Surg Oncol. 44(10):1455-62, 2018
                                            8. Ibrahim M et al: Male BRCA mutation carriers: clinical characteristics and cancer spectrum. BMC Cancer. 18(1):179, 2018
                                            9. Kanakis GA et al: Klinefelter syndrome: more than hypogonadism. Metabolism. 86:135-144, 2018
                                            10. Lee EJ et al: Multimodality images of myofibroblastoma in the male breast: A case report and a review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 51:300-306, 2018
                                            11. Leon-Ferre RA et al: A contemporary review of male breast cancer: current evidence and unanswered questions. Cancer Metastasis Rev. ePub, 2018
                                            12. Mango VL et al: The unusual suspects: a review of unusual benign and malignant male breast imaging cases. Clin Imaging. 50:78-85, 2018
                                            13. Manson QF et al: PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast Cancer in comparison with female breast cancer. Target Oncol. ePub, 2018
                                            14. Shin K et al: Male breast magnetic resonance imaging: when is it helpful? Our experience over the last decade. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
                                            15. Stone JP et al: Breast cancer in transgender patients: a systematic review. Part 2: female to male. Eur J Surg Oncol. 44(10):1463-1468, 2018
                                            16. Turashvili G et al: The 21-gene recurrence score in male breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(6):1530-1535, 2018
                                            17. Ulaner GA et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT for systemic staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer in Men. J Nucl Med. ePub, 2018
                                            18. Wan BA et al: Treatment outcomes in male breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of 161 patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 30(6):354-365, 2018
                                            19. Weir J et al: Clinicopathologic features and radiation therapy utilization in patients with male breast cancer: a national cancer database study. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 12:1178223418770687, 2018
                                            20. Abdelwahab Yousef AJ: Male breast cancer: epidemiology and risk factors. Semin Oncol. 44(4):267-272, 2017
                                            21. Lee MV et al: BRCA-associated cancers: role of imaging in screening, diagnosis, and management. Radiographics. 37(4):1005-1023, 2017
                                            22. Losurdo A et al: Controversies in clinicopathological characteristics and treatment strategies of male breast cancer: A review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 113:283-291, 2017
                                            23. McKinley N et al: Long term follow up of male breast cancer. Ulster Med J. 86(3):177-180, 2017
                                            24. Ram D et al: Male breast cancer: a retrospective review of clinical profile from a tertiary cancer care center of India. South Asian J Cancer. 6(4):141-143, 2017
                                            25. Senger JL et al: Invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breast - a systematic review with an illustrative case study. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 9:337-45, 2017
                                            26. Vermeulen MA et al: Pathological characterisation of male breast cancer: results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program. Eur J Cancer. 82:219-27, 2017
                                            27. Xu R et al: Male occult breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis as the first manifestation: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(51):e9312, 2017
                                            28. Ferzoco RM et al: The epidemiology of male breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 18(1):1, 2016
                                            29. Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: diseases of the male breast: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(2):461-89, 2013
                                            30. Ruddy KJ et al: Male breast cancer: risk factors, biology, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Ann Oncol. 24(6):1434-43, 2013
                                            31. Doyle S et al: Imaging male breast cancer. Clin Radiol. 66(11):1079-85, 2011
                                            32. Chen L et al: Imaging characteristics of malignant lesions of the male breast. Radiographics. 26(4):993-1006, 2006
                                            33. Anderson WF et al: In situ male breast carcinoma in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer. 104(8):1733-41, 2005
                                            34. van Asperen CJ et al: Cancer risks in BRCA2 families: estimates for sites other than breast and ovary. J Med Genet. 42(9):711-9, 2005
                                            35. Liede A et al: Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature. J Clin Oncol. 22(4):735-42, 2004
                                            36. Yang WT et al: Sonographic features of primary breast cancer in men. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(2):413-6, 2001
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Primary carcinoma of male breast

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Mammographic Findings

                                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                            • MR Findings

                                                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                                  • General Features

                                                                    • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                          • Presentation

                                                                            • Demographics

                                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                • Treatment

                                                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                  • Consider

                                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Chesebro AL et al: Male breast disease: what the radiologist needs to know. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      2. Expert Panel on Breast imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S313-S320, 2018
                                                                                      3. Fentiman IS: Surgical options for male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 172(3):539-44, 2018
                                                                                      4. Gao Y et al: Male Breast cancer in the age of genetic testing: an opportunity for early detection, tailored therapy, and surveillance. Radiographics. 38(5):1289-1311, 2018
                                                                                      5. Giordano SH: Breast cancer in men. N Engl J Med. 378(24):2311-20, 2018
                                                                                      6. Gucalp A et al: Male breast cancer: a disease distinct from female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      7. Hartley RL et al: Breast cancer in transgender patients: a systematic review. Part 1: male to female. Eur J Surg Oncol. 44(10):1455-62, 2018
                                                                                      8. Ibrahim M et al: Male BRCA mutation carriers: clinical characteristics and cancer spectrum. BMC Cancer. 18(1):179, 2018
                                                                                      9. Kanakis GA et al: Klinefelter syndrome: more than hypogonadism. Metabolism. 86:135-144, 2018
                                                                                      10. Lee EJ et al: Multimodality images of myofibroblastoma in the male breast: A case report and a review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 51:300-306, 2018
                                                                                      11. Leon-Ferre RA et al: A contemporary review of male breast cancer: current evidence and unanswered questions. Cancer Metastasis Rev. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      12. Mango VL et al: The unusual suspects: a review of unusual benign and malignant male breast imaging cases. Clin Imaging. 50:78-85, 2018
                                                                                      13. Manson QF et al: PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast Cancer in comparison with female breast cancer. Target Oncol. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      14. Shin K et al: Male breast magnetic resonance imaging: when is it helpful? Our experience over the last decade. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      15. Stone JP et al: Breast cancer in transgender patients: a systematic review. Part 2: female to male. Eur J Surg Oncol. 44(10):1463-1468, 2018
                                                                                      16. Turashvili G et al: The 21-gene recurrence score in male breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(6):1530-1535, 2018
                                                                                      17. Ulaner GA et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT for systemic staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer in Men. J Nucl Med. ePub, 2018
                                                                                      18. Wan BA et al: Treatment outcomes in male breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of 161 patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 30(6):354-365, 2018
                                                                                      19. Weir J et al: Clinicopathologic features and radiation therapy utilization in patients with male breast cancer: a national cancer database study. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 12:1178223418770687, 2018
                                                                                      20. Abdelwahab Yousef AJ: Male breast cancer: epidemiology and risk factors. Semin Oncol. 44(4):267-272, 2017
                                                                                      21. Lee MV et al: BRCA-associated cancers: role of imaging in screening, diagnosis, and management. Radiographics. 37(4):1005-1023, 2017
                                                                                      22. Losurdo A et al: Controversies in clinicopathological characteristics and treatment strategies of male breast cancer: A review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 113:283-291, 2017
                                                                                      23. McKinley N et al: Long term follow up of male breast cancer. Ulster Med J. 86(3):177-180, 2017
                                                                                      24. Ram D et al: Male breast cancer: a retrospective review of clinical profile from a tertiary cancer care center of India. South Asian J Cancer. 6(4):141-143, 2017
                                                                                      25. Senger JL et al: Invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breast - a systematic review with an illustrative case study. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 9:337-45, 2017
                                                                                      26. Vermeulen MA et al: Pathological characterisation of male breast cancer: results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program. Eur J Cancer. 82:219-27, 2017
                                                                                      27. Xu R et al: Male occult breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis as the first manifestation: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(51):e9312, 2017
                                                                                      28. Ferzoco RM et al: The epidemiology of male breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 18(1):1, 2016
                                                                                      29. Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: diseases of the male breast: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(2):461-89, 2013
                                                                                      30. Ruddy KJ et al: Male breast cancer: risk factors, biology, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Ann Oncol. 24(6):1434-43, 2013
                                                                                      31. Doyle S et al: Imaging male breast cancer. Clin Radiol. 66(11):1079-85, 2011
                                                                                      32. Chen L et al: Imaging characteristics of malignant lesions of the male breast. Radiographics. 26(4):993-1006, 2006
                                                                                      33. Anderson WF et al: In situ male breast carcinoma in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer. 104(8):1733-41, 2005
                                                                                      34. van Asperen CJ et al: Cancer risks in BRCA2 families: estimates for sites other than breast and ovary. J Med Genet. 42(9):711-9, 2005
                                                                                      35. Liede A et al: Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature. J Clin Oncol. 22(4):735-42, 2004
                                                                                      36. Yang WT et al: Sonographic features of primary breast cancer in men. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(2):413-6, 2001