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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Malfixation
Definitions
Malrotation: Varying degrees of abnormal positioning of small &/or large bowel due to abnormal rotation during development
Small & large bowel rotate separately in utero
Abnormalities of rotation may affect either or both
Malfixation: Abnormal position or length of bowel fixation by mesentery, typically associated with malrotation
Predisposes to midgut volvulus (MV)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Abbas PI et al: Evaluating a management strategy for malrotation in heterotaxy patients. J Pediatr Surg. 51(5):859-62, 2016
Carroll AG et al: Comparative effectiveness of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in neonates and infants: a critically appraised topic. Acad Radiol. 23(5):559-68, 2016
Drewett M et al: The burden of excluding malrotation in term neonates with bile stained vomiting. Pediatr Surg Int. 32(5):483-6, 2016
Eccleston JL et al: Adult presentation of intestinal malrotation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. ePub, 2016
Koch C et al: Redefining the projectional and clinical anatomy of the duodenojejunal flexure in children. Clin Anat. 29(2):175-82, 2016
Kotobi H et al: Intestinal volvulus related to malrotation in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. ePub, 2016
Lesieur E et al: Prenatal diagnosis of complete nonrotation of fetal bowel with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging. 97(6):687-9, 2016
Morris G et al: Small bowel congenital anomalies: a review and update. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 18(4):16, 2016
Raitio A et al: Malrotation: age-related differences in reoperation rate. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(1):34-7, 2016
Yoshimaru K et al: Clinical analysis of 70 bowel obstruction patients without a history of laparotomy. Pediatr Int. ePub, 2016
Arlt A et al: Abdominal malrotation overlooked at extensive cross-sectional imaging and leading to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 47 Suppl 1:E639-40, 2015
Chesley PM et al: Association of anorectal malformation and intestinal malrotation. Am J Surg. 209(5):907-11; discussion 912, 2015
Gemmell A: Partial malrotation of the bowel in an adult patient presenting with abdominal pain. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015
Graziano K et al: Asymptomatic malrotation: diagnosis and surgical management: an American Pediatric Surgical Association outcomes and evidence based practice committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 50(10):1783-90, 2015
Jadhav RR et al: Adult intestinal malrotation presenting as recurrent vomiting: a case report. Indian J Surg. 77(Suppl 1):162-3, 2015
Landisch R et al: Observation versus prophylactic Ladd procedure for asymptomatic intestinal rotational abnormalities in heterotaxy syndrome: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 50(11):1971-4, 2015
Lodwick DL et al: Current surgical management of intestinal rotational abnormalities. Curr Opin Pediatr. 27(3):383-8, 2015
Mishra S: Cardiac and non-cardiac abnormalities in heterotaxy syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. 82(12):1135-46, 2015
Mitsunaga T et al: Risk factors for intestinal obstruction after Ladd procedure. Pediatr Rep. 7(2):5795, 2015
Ooms N et al: Laparoscopic treatment of intestinal malrotation in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2015
Prasad GR et al: Malrotation of midgut in adults, an unsuspected and neglected condition-An analysis of 64 consensus confirmed cases. Indian J Gastroenterol. 34(6):426-30, 2015
Rajesh S et al: Malrotation of small bowel-diagnostic computed tomography (CT) signs and intraoperative findings. Indian J Surg. 77(Suppl 2):600-2, 2015
Shah MR et al: Volvulus of the entire small bowel with normal bowel fixation simulating malrotation and midgut volvulus. Pediatr Radiol. 45(13):1953-6, 2015
Zhou LY et al: Usefulness of sonography in evaluating children suspected of malrotation: comparison with an upper gastrointestinal contrast Study. J Ultrasound Med. 34(10):1825-32, 2015
Yang B et al: Adult midgut malrotation: multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of 14 cases. Jpn J Radiol. 31(5):328-35, 2013
Jamieson D et al: Malrotation and malfixation of the midgut: pediatric gastrointestinal imaging and intervention, 2e. Stringer and Babyn, B. C. Decker, Inc, Ontario. 311-332, 2000
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Malfixation
Definitions
Malrotation: Varying degrees of abnormal positioning of small &/or large bowel due to abnormal rotation during development
Small & large bowel rotate separately in utero
Abnormalities of rotation may affect either or both
Malfixation: Abnormal position or length of bowel fixation by mesentery, typically associated with malrotation
Predisposes to midgut volvulus (MV)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Abbas PI et al: Evaluating a management strategy for malrotation in heterotaxy patients. J Pediatr Surg. 51(5):859-62, 2016
Carroll AG et al: Comparative effectiveness of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in neonates and infants: a critically appraised topic. Acad Radiol. 23(5):559-68, 2016
Drewett M et al: The burden of excluding malrotation in term neonates with bile stained vomiting. Pediatr Surg Int. 32(5):483-6, 2016
Eccleston JL et al: Adult presentation of intestinal malrotation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. ePub, 2016
Koch C et al: Redefining the projectional and clinical anatomy of the duodenojejunal flexure in children. Clin Anat. 29(2):175-82, 2016
Kotobi H et al: Intestinal volvulus related to malrotation in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. ePub, 2016
Lesieur E et al: Prenatal diagnosis of complete nonrotation of fetal bowel with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging. 97(6):687-9, 2016
Morris G et al: Small bowel congenital anomalies: a review and update. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 18(4):16, 2016
Raitio A et al: Malrotation: age-related differences in reoperation rate. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(1):34-7, 2016
Yoshimaru K et al: Clinical analysis of 70 bowel obstruction patients without a history of laparotomy. Pediatr Int. ePub, 2016
Arlt A et al: Abdominal malrotation overlooked at extensive cross-sectional imaging and leading to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 47 Suppl 1:E639-40, 2015
Chesley PM et al: Association of anorectal malformation and intestinal malrotation. Am J Surg. 209(5):907-11; discussion 912, 2015
Gemmell A: Partial malrotation of the bowel in an adult patient presenting with abdominal pain. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015
Graziano K et al: Asymptomatic malrotation: diagnosis and surgical management: an American Pediatric Surgical Association outcomes and evidence based practice committee systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 50(10):1783-90, 2015
Jadhav RR et al: Adult intestinal malrotation presenting as recurrent vomiting: a case report. Indian J Surg. 77(Suppl 1):162-3, 2015
Landisch R et al: Observation versus prophylactic Ladd procedure for asymptomatic intestinal rotational abnormalities in heterotaxy syndrome: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 50(11):1971-4, 2015
Lodwick DL et al: Current surgical management of intestinal rotational abnormalities. Curr Opin Pediatr. 27(3):383-8, 2015
Mishra S: Cardiac and non-cardiac abnormalities in heterotaxy syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. 82(12):1135-46, 2015
Mitsunaga T et al: Risk factors for intestinal obstruction after Ladd procedure. Pediatr Rep. 7(2):5795, 2015
Ooms N et al: Laparoscopic treatment of intestinal malrotation in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2015
Prasad GR et al: Malrotation of midgut in adults, an unsuspected and neglected condition-An analysis of 64 consensus confirmed cases. Indian J Gastroenterol. 34(6):426-30, 2015
Rajesh S et al: Malrotation of small bowel-diagnostic computed tomography (CT) signs and intraoperative findings. Indian J Surg. 77(Suppl 2):600-2, 2015
Shah MR et al: Volvulus of the entire small bowel with normal bowel fixation simulating malrotation and midgut volvulus. Pediatr Radiol. 45(13):1953-6, 2015
Zhou LY et al: Usefulness of sonography in evaluating children suspected of malrotation: comparison with an upper gastrointestinal contrast Study. J Ultrasound Med. 34(10):1825-32, 2015
Yang B et al: Adult midgut malrotation: multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of 14 cases. Jpn J Radiol. 31(5):328-35, 2013
Jamieson D et al: Malrotation and malfixation of the midgut: pediatric gastrointestinal imaging and intervention, 2e. Stringer and Babyn, B. C. Decker, Inc, Ontario. 311-332, 2000
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