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Head and Neck
Diagnosis
Mandible-Maxilla
Tumor-like Lesions
Mandible-Maxilla Langerhans Histiocytosis
Mandible-Maxilla Langerhans Histiocytosis
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)

              • Synonyms

                • Histiocytosis X, idiopathic histiocytosis, Langerhans cell disease, Langerhans cell granulomatosis, Langerhans cell granuloma, eosinophilic granuloma (EG)

              • Definitions

                • Group of lesions affecting reticuloendothelial system and characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • Radiographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Azariah ED et al: "Histiocytosis X" - a rare case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 10(10):ZD19-ZD22, 2016
                                        2. Gambirazi L et al: Diagnosis and intralesional corticotherapy in oral ulcers occurring as the sole manifestation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A Case Report. Open Dent J. 10:330-7, 2016
                                        3. Plona GA et al: Spontaneous resolution of an eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible following open biopsy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 122(2):e60-3, 2016
                                        4. Agarwal P et al: An unusual presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Cytol. 31(4):227-9, 2014
                                        5. Shi S et al: Multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult with a pathological fracture of the mandible and spontaneous malunion: A case report. Oncol Lett. 8(3):1075-1079, 2014
                                        6. Cho YA et al: Hypothetical pathogenesis of eosinophilic infiltration in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(6):734-42, 2013
                                        7. Lee BD et al: Eosinophilic granuloma in the anterior mandible mimicking radicular cyst. Imaging Sci Dent. 43(2):117-22, 2013
                                        8. Lee SH et al: Intralesional infiltration of corticosteroids in the treatment of localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible: report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(4):e255-60, 2013
                                        9. Zajko J: Mandibular Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult. Bratisl Lek Listy. 114(8):488-90, 2013
                                        10. Ge Y et al: [Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report.] Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 30(5):554-6, 2012
                                        11. Lajolo C et al: Langerhans's cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature. Gerodontology. 29(2):e1207-14, 2012
                                        12. Parihar A et al: Management of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 9(6):821-5, 2012
                                        13. Yepes JF et al: Chronic focal Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the left mandibular condyle presenting as limited jaw opening: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(10):E26-30, 2012
                                        14. Murray M et al: Multifocal oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(10):2585-91, 2011
                                        15. Noonan V et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma). J Mass Dent Soc. 60(2):35, 2011
                                        16. Zhao Y et al: [The expression of S-100 protein, CD1a, CD83 and Ki-67 in oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis.] Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 29(6):604-9, 2011
                                        17. Altug HA et al: Incidental discovery of asymptomatic radiolucent lesion of the posterior mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 68(4):845-8, 2010
                                        18. Esen A et al: Treatment of localized Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the mandible with intralesional steroid injection: report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 109(2):e53-8, 2010
                                        19. Neville B et al: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders, 2009
                                        20. Muramatsu T et al: Clinico-pathologic conference: case 4. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Head Neck Pathol. 4(4):343-6, 2010
                                        21. Jalil Ab et al: Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Malaysian children: a 40-year experience. Int J Paediatr Dent. 19(5):349-53, 2009
                                        22. Rees J et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 47(1):52-3, 2009
                                        23. Baltacioğlu E et al: Clinical, pathological and radiological evaluation of disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in a 30-month-old boy. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 36(8):526-9, 2007
                                        24. dos Anjos Pontual ML et al: Eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 104(6):e47-51, 2007
                                        25. Ramani P et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible in a six-year-old child. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 73(2):114-6, 2007
                                        26. Schroff J. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: case report of eosinophilic granuloma of mouth (jaws et al: 1948. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 100(2 Suppl):S37-41, 2005
                                        27. Eckardt A et al: Maxillofacial manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a clinical and therapeutic analysis of 10 patients. Oral Oncol. 39(7):687-94, 2003
                                        28. Siessegger M et al: Monolocular Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandibular condyle. A case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40(6):516-8, 2002
                                        29. Kessler P et al: Langerhans cell granulomatosis: a case report of polyostotic manifestation in the jaw. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 30(4):359-61, 2001
                                        30. Loducca SV et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis: recurrent lesions affecting mandible in a 10-year-old patient. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 25(3):241-3, 2001
                                        31. Namai T et al: Spontaneous remission of a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible after biopsy: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 59(12):1485-7, 2001
                                        32. Asaumi J et al: Two cases of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 29(6):382-5, 2000
                                        33. Miyamoto H et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 58(5):560-2, 2000
                                        34. Watzke IM et al: Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the jaw: long-term follow-up of a novel intraosseous corticoid treatment for recalcitrant lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 90(3):317-22, 2000
                                        35. Ardekian L et al: Clinical and radiographic features of eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws: review of 41 lesions treated by surgery and low-dose radiotherapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 87(2):238-42, 1999
                                        36. Saunders JG et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as bilateral eosinophilic granulomata in the molar region of the mandible. A case report. J Clin Periodontol. 25(4):340-2, 1998
                                        37. Wong GB et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandibular condyle: report of three cases and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 55(8):870-8, 1997
                                        38. Uckan S et al: Recurrent multifocal Langerhans cell eosinophilic granuloma of the jaws: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 54(7):906-9, 1996
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Pathology

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)

                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Histiocytosis X, idiopathic histiocytosis, Langerhans cell disease, Langerhans cell granulomatosis, Langerhans cell granuloma, eosinophilic granuloma (EG)

                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Group of lesions affecting reticuloendothelial system and characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                  • Microscopic Features

                                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                    • Presentation

                                                                      • Demographics

                                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                          • Treatment

                                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                            • Consider

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Azariah ED et al: "Histiocytosis X" - a rare case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 10(10):ZD19-ZD22, 2016
                                                                              2. Gambirazi L et al: Diagnosis and intralesional corticotherapy in oral ulcers occurring as the sole manifestation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A Case Report. Open Dent J. 10:330-7, 2016
                                                                              3. Plona GA et al: Spontaneous resolution of an eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible following open biopsy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 122(2):e60-3, 2016
                                                                              4. Agarwal P et al: An unusual presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Cytol. 31(4):227-9, 2014
                                                                              5. Shi S et al: Multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult with a pathological fracture of the mandible and spontaneous malunion: A case report. Oncol Lett. 8(3):1075-1079, 2014
                                                                              6. Cho YA et al: Hypothetical pathogenesis of eosinophilic infiltration in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(6):734-42, 2013
                                                                              7. Lee BD et al: Eosinophilic granuloma in the anterior mandible mimicking radicular cyst. Imaging Sci Dent. 43(2):117-22, 2013
                                                                              8. Lee SH et al: Intralesional infiltration of corticosteroids in the treatment of localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible: report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(4):e255-60, 2013
                                                                              9. Zajko J: Mandibular Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult. Bratisl Lek Listy. 114(8):488-90, 2013
                                                                              10. Ge Y et al: [Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report.] Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 30(5):554-6, 2012
                                                                              11. Lajolo C et al: Langerhans's cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature. Gerodontology. 29(2):e1207-14, 2012
                                                                              12. Parihar A et al: Management of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 9(6):821-5, 2012
                                                                              13. Yepes JF et al: Chronic focal Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the left mandibular condyle presenting as limited jaw opening: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(10):E26-30, 2012
                                                                              14. Murray M et al: Multifocal oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(10):2585-91, 2011
                                                                              15. Noonan V et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma). J Mass Dent Soc. 60(2):35, 2011
                                                                              16. Zhao Y et al: [The expression of S-100 protein, CD1a, CD83 and Ki-67 in oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis.] Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 29(6):604-9, 2011
                                                                              17. Altug HA et al: Incidental discovery of asymptomatic radiolucent lesion of the posterior mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 68(4):845-8, 2010
                                                                              18. Esen A et al: Treatment of localized Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the mandible with intralesional steroid injection: report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 109(2):e53-8, 2010
                                                                              19. Neville B et al: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders, 2009
                                                                              20. Muramatsu T et al: Clinico-pathologic conference: case 4. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Head Neck Pathol. 4(4):343-6, 2010
                                                                              21. Jalil Ab et al: Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Malaysian children: a 40-year experience. Int J Paediatr Dent. 19(5):349-53, 2009
                                                                              22. Rees J et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 47(1):52-3, 2009
                                                                              23. Baltacioğlu E et al: Clinical, pathological and radiological evaluation of disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in a 30-month-old boy. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 36(8):526-9, 2007
                                                                              24. dos Anjos Pontual ML et al: Eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 104(6):e47-51, 2007
                                                                              25. Ramani P et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible in a six-year-old child. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 73(2):114-6, 2007
                                                                              26. Schroff J. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: case report of eosinophilic granuloma of mouth (jaws et al: 1948. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 100(2 Suppl):S37-41, 2005
                                                                              27. Eckardt A et al: Maxillofacial manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a clinical and therapeutic analysis of 10 patients. Oral Oncol. 39(7):687-94, 2003
                                                                              28. Siessegger M et al: Monolocular Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandibular condyle. A case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40(6):516-8, 2002
                                                                              29. Kessler P et al: Langerhans cell granulomatosis: a case report of polyostotic manifestation in the jaw. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 30(4):359-61, 2001
                                                                              30. Loducca SV et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis: recurrent lesions affecting mandible in a 10-year-old patient. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 25(3):241-3, 2001
                                                                              31. Namai T et al: Spontaneous remission of a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible after biopsy: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 59(12):1485-7, 2001
                                                                              32. Asaumi J et al: Two cases of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 29(6):382-5, 2000
                                                                              33. Miyamoto H et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 58(5):560-2, 2000
                                                                              34. Watzke IM et al: Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the jaw: long-term follow-up of a novel intraosseous corticoid treatment for recalcitrant lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 90(3):317-22, 2000
                                                                              35. Ardekian L et al: Clinical and radiographic features of eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws: review of 41 lesions treated by surgery and low-dose radiotherapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 87(2):238-42, 1999
                                                                              36. Saunders JG et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as bilateral eosinophilic granulomata in the molar region of the mandible. A case report. J Clin Periodontol. 25(4):340-2, 1998
                                                                              37. Wong GB et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandibular condyle: report of three cases and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 55(8):870-8, 1997
                                                                              38. Uckan S et al: Recurrent multifocal Langerhans cell eosinophilic granuloma of the jaws: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 54(7):906-9, 1996
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