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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Eccentric cord insertion
- Battledore placenta
Definitions
- Marginal placental cord insertion (MPCI): Umbilical cord (UC) inserts near placenta margin
- All branching vessels within placenta, typically tightly coiled
- No submembranous vessels
- All branching vessels within placenta, typically tightly coiled
- Velamentous cord insertion (VCI): UC inserts on membranes and vessels are unprotected by Wharton jelly
- Submembranous vessels branch and travel to placenta, typically loosely coiled
- Furcate cord insertion is subset: UC vessels branch before insertion on placenta or adjacent membranes
- Marginal placental cord insertion (MPCI): Umbilical cord (UC) inserts near placenta margin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Asoglu MR et al: Marginal placental cord insertion: the need for follow up? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-7, 2020
- Cohen B et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a furcate placenta. Obstet Gynecol. 135(4):960-3, 2020
- Kelley BP et al: Sonographic diagnosis of velamentous and marginal placental cord insertion. Ultrasound Q. 36(3):247-54, 2019
- de Los Reyes S et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of velamentous cord insertion among singleton pregnancies and the risk of preterm delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 142(1):9-14, 2018
- Sinkin JA et al: Perinatal outcomes associated with isolated velamentous cord insertion in singleton and twin pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med. 37(2):471-8, 2018
- Ebbing C et al: Third stage of labor risks in velamentous and marginal cord insertion: a population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 94(8):878-83, 2015
- Esakoff TF et al: Velamentous cord insertion: is it associated with adverse perinatal outcomes? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 28(4):409-12, 2015
- Bowman ZS et al: Velamentous cord insertion with variable umbilical cord Doppler changes. J Ultrasound Med. 33(11):2039-41, 2014
- Bręborowicz GH et al: Prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-3, 2014
- Costa-Castro T et al: Velamentous cord insertion in monochorionic twins with or without twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Does it matter? Placenta. 34(11):1053-8, 2013
- Kuwata T et al: The 'mangrove sign' for velamentous umbilical cord insertion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 40(2):241-2, 2012
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Eccentric cord insertion
- Battledore placenta
Definitions
- Marginal placental cord insertion (MPCI): Umbilical cord (UC) inserts near placenta margin
- All branching vessels within placenta, typically tightly coiled
- No submembranous vessels
- All branching vessels within placenta, typically tightly coiled
- Velamentous cord insertion (VCI): UC inserts on membranes and vessels are unprotected by Wharton jelly
- Submembranous vessels branch and travel to placenta, typically loosely coiled
- Furcate cord insertion is subset: UC vessels branch before insertion on placenta or adjacent membranes
- Marginal placental cord insertion (MPCI): Umbilical cord (UC) inserts near placenta margin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Asoglu MR et al: Marginal placental cord insertion: the need for follow up? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-7, 2020
- Cohen B et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a furcate placenta. Obstet Gynecol. 135(4):960-3, 2020
- Kelley BP et al: Sonographic diagnosis of velamentous and marginal placental cord insertion. Ultrasound Q. 36(3):247-54, 2019
- de Los Reyes S et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of velamentous cord insertion among singleton pregnancies and the risk of preterm delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 142(1):9-14, 2018
- Sinkin JA et al: Perinatal outcomes associated with isolated velamentous cord insertion in singleton and twin pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med. 37(2):471-8, 2018
- Ebbing C et al: Third stage of labor risks in velamentous and marginal cord insertion: a population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 94(8):878-83, 2015
- Esakoff TF et al: Velamentous cord insertion: is it associated with adverse perinatal outcomes? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 28(4):409-12, 2015
- Bowman ZS et al: Velamentous cord insertion with variable umbilical cord Doppler changes. J Ultrasound Med. 33(11):2039-41, 2014
- Bręborowicz GH et al: Prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-3, 2014
- Costa-Castro T et al: Velamentous cord insertion in monochorionic twins with or without twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Does it matter? Placenta. 34(11):1053-8, 2013
- Kuwata T et al: The 'mangrove sign' for velamentous umbilical cord insertion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 40(2):241-2, 2012
