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Medial Collateral Ligament Injury, Knee
Andrew Sonin, MD, FACRKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACRDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
            • Synonyms

              • MCL tear
              • MCL sprain
              • Tibial collateral ligament tear
                • Tibial collateral ligament has been used to refer to MCL but also to posterior oblique ligament; it is best to not use this term
            • Definitions

              • Partial or complete disruption of fibers of MCL of knee

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Dale KM et al: Surgical management and treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament injured knee. Clin Sports Med. 36(1):87-103, 2017
                                        2. Del Castillo-González F et al: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage of calcific bursitis of the medial collateral ligament of the knee: a case report and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol. 45(10):1419-23, 2016
                                        3. De Maeseneer M et al: MRI spectrum of medial collateral ligament injuries and pitfalls in diagnosis. JBR-BTR. 93(2):97-103, 2010
                                        4. Chen L et al: Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 1(2):108-13, 2008
                                        5. Wen DY et al: MRI description of knee medial collateral ligament abnormalities in the absence of trauma: edema related to osteoarthritis and medial meniscal tears. Magn Reson Imaging. 25(2):209-14, 2007
                                        6. Azar FM: Evaluation and treatment of chronic medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee. Sports Med Arthrosc. 14(2):84-90, 2006
                                        7. Mendes LF et al: Pellegrini-Stieda disease: a heterogeneous disorder not synonymous with ossification/calcification of the tibial collateral ligament-anatomic and imaging investigation. Skeletal Radiol. 35(12):916-22, 2006
                                        8. Pressman A et al: A review of ski injuries resulting in combined injury to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligaments. Arthroscopy. 19(2):194-202, 2003
                                        9. Escobedo EM et al: The "reverse Segond" fracture: association with a tear of the posterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(4):979-83, 2002
                                        10. Loredo R et al: Posteromedial corner of the knee: MR imaging with gross anatomic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 28(6):305-11, 1999
                                        11. De Maeseneer M et al: Normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures: MR imaging and sonography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(4):969-76, 1998
                                        12. Reider B: Medial collateral ligament injuries in athletes. Sports Med. 21(2):147-56, 1996
                                        13. Cameron JC et al: Management of medial collateral ligament laxity. Orthop Clin North Am. 25(3):527-32, 1994
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Pathology

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Abbreviations

                                                    • Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • MCL tear
                                                    • MCL sprain
                                                    • Tibial collateral ligament tear
                                                      • Tibial collateral ligament has been used to refer to MCL but also to posterior oblique ligament; it is best to not use this term
                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Partial or complete disruption of fibers of MCL of knee

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Radiographic Findings

                                                      • MR Findings

                                                        • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                              PATHOLOGY

                                                              • General Features

                                                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                    • Presentation

                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                          • Consider

                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Dale KM et al: Surgical management and treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament injured knee. Clin Sports Med. 36(1):87-103, 2017
                                                                              2. Del Castillo-González F et al: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage of calcific bursitis of the medial collateral ligament of the knee: a case report and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol. 45(10):1419-23, 2016
                                                                              3. De Maeseneer M et al: MRI spectrum of medial collateral ligament injuries and pitfalls in diagnosis. JBR-BTR. 93(2):97-103, 2010
                                                                              4. Chen L et al: Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 1(2):108-13, 2008
                                                                              5. Wen DY et al: MRI description of knee medial collateral ligament abnormalities in the absence of trauma: edema related to osteoarthritis and medial meniscal tears. Magn Reson Imaging. 25(2):209-14, 2007
                                                                              6. Azar FM: Evaluation and treatment of chronic medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee. Sports Med Arthrosc. 14(2):84-90, 2006
                                                                              7. Mendes LF et al: Pellegrini-Stieda disease: a heterogeneous disorder not synonymous with ossification/calcification of the tibial collateral ligament-anatomic and imaging investigation. Skeletal Radiol. 35(12):916-22, 2006
                                                                              8. Pressman A et al: A review of ski injuries resulting in combined injury to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligaments. Arthroscopy. 19(2):194-202, 2003
                                                                              9. Escobedo EM et al: The "reverse Segond" fracture: association with a tear of the posterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(4):979-83, 2002
                                                                              10. Loredo R et al: Posteromedial corner of the knee: MR imaging with gross anatomic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 28(6):305-11, 1999
                                                                              11. De Maeseneer M et al: Normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures: MR imaging and sonography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(4):969-76, 1998
                                                                              12. Reider B: Medial collateral ligament injuries in athletes. Sports Med. 21(2):147-56, 1996
                                                                              13. Cameron JC et al: Management of medial collateral ligament laxity. Orthop Clin North Am. 25(3):527-32, 1994