Skeletally mature: Partial tearing/degeneration of common flexor tendon, medial/ulnar collateral ligament
Apophysis: Nonarticular cartilaginous ossification center
Does not contribute to longitudinal growth
Serves as site of tendon, muscle, or ligament attachment
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
García-Mata S et al: Prospective study of pediatric medial humeral epicondyle fractures nonoperatively treated. Clinical, radiologic, and functional evaluation at long term. J Pediatr Orthop B. 30(2):180-9, 2021
Fernandez FF et al: Medial humeral condyle fracture in childhood: a rare but often overlooked injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 45(4):757-61, 2019
Griffith TB et al: Elbow injuries in the adolescent thrower. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 11(1):35-47, 2018
Emery KH et al: Pediatric elbow fractures: a new angle on an old topic. Pediatr Radiol. 46(1):61-6, 2016
Pathy R et al: Medial epicondyle fractures in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 27(1):58-66, 2015
Redler LH et al: Elbow trauma in the athlete. Hand Clin. 31(4):663-81, 2015
Tarallo L et al: Pediatric medial epicondyle fractures with intra-articular elbow incarceration. J Orthop Traumatol. 16(2):117-23, 2015
Marshall KW: Overuse upper extremity injuries in the skeletally immature patient: beyond Little League shoulder and elbow. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(5):469-77, 2014
Gottschalk HP et al: Medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric population. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 20(4):223-32, 2012
Davis KW: Imaging pediatric sports injuries: upper extremity. Radiol Clin North Am. 48(6):1199-211, 2010
Osbahr DC et al: Acute, avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle while throwing in youth baseball players: a variant of Little League elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 19(7):951-7, 2010
Wei AS et al: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with Little League elbow. J Pediatr Orthop. 30(7):715-9, 2010
Ahmad CS et al: Valgus extension overload syndrome and stress injury of the olecranon. Clin Sports Med. 23(4):665-76, x, 2004
Kijowski R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Part I: normal anatomy, imaging technique, and osseous abnormalities. Skeletal Radiol. 33(12):685-97, 2004
Williams RJ 3rd et al: Medial collateral ligament tears in the throwing athlete. Instr Course Lect. 53:579-86, 2004
Parr TJ et al: Overuse injuries of the olecranon in adolescents. Orthopedics. 26(11):1143-6, 2003
Gilchrist AD et al: Valgus instability of the elbow due to medial epicondyle nonunion: treatment by fragment excision and ligament repair--a report of 5 cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 11(5):493-7, 2002
Klingele KE et al: Little league elbow: valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med. 32(15):1005-15, 2002
Fritz RC: MR imaging of sports injuries of the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(1):51-72, viii, 1999
Fowles JV et al: Elbow dislocation with avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 72(1):102-4, 1990
Harrison RB et al: Radiographic clues to fractures of the unossified medial humeral condyle in young children. Skeletal Radiol. 11(3):209-12, 1984
Skeletally mature: Partial tearing/degeneration of common flexor tendon, medial/ulnar collateral ligament
Apophysis: Nonarticular cartilaginous ossification center
Does not contribute to longitudinal growth
Serves as site of tendon, muscle, or ligament attachment
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
García-Mata S et al: Prospective study of pediatric medial humeral epicondyle fractures nonoperatively treated. Clinical, radiologic, and functional evaluation at long term. J Pediatr Orthop B. 30(2):180-9, 2021
Fernandez FF et al: Medial humeral condyle fracture in childhood: a rare but often overlooked injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 45(4):757-61, 2019
Griffith TB et al: Elbow injuries in the adolescent thrower. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 11(1):35-47, 2018
Emery KH et al: Pediatric elbow fractures: a new angle on an old topic. Pediatr Radiol. 46(1):61-6, 2016
Pathy R et al: Medial epicondyle fractures in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 27(1):58-66, 2015
Redler LH et al: Elbow trauma in the athlete. Hand Clin. 31(4):663-81, 2015
Tarallo L et al: Pediatric medial epicondyle fractures with intra-articular elbow incarceration. J Orthop Traumatol. 16(2):117-23, 2015
Marshall KW: Overuse upper extremity injuries in the skeletally immature patient: beyond Little League shoulder and elbow. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(5):469-77, 2014
Gottschalk HP et al: Medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric population. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 20(4):223-32, 2012
Davis KW: Imaging pediatric sports injuries: upper extremity. Radiol Clin North Am. 48(6):1199-211, 2010
Osbahr DC et al: Acute, avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle while throwing in youth baseball players: a variant of Little League elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 19(7):951-7, 2010
Wei AS et al: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with Little League elbow. J Pediatr Orthop. 30(7):715-9, 2010
Ahmad CS et al: Valgus extension overload syndrome and stress injury of the olecranon. Clin Sports Med. 23(4):665-76, x, 2004
Kijowski R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Part I: normal anatomy, imaging technique, and osseous abnormalities. Skeletal Radiol. 33(12):685-97, 2004
Williams RJ 3rd et al: Medial collateral ligament tears in the throwing athlete. Instr Course Lect. 53:579-86, 2004
Parr TJ et al: Overuse injuries of the olecranon in adolescents. Orthopedics. 26(11):1143-6, 2003
Gilchrist AD et al: Valgus instability of the elbow due to medial epicondyle nonunion: treatment by fragment excision and ligament repair--a report of 5 cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 11(5):493-7, 2002
Klingele KE et al: Little league elbow: valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med. 32(15):1005-15, 2002
Fritz RC: MR imaging of sports injuries of the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(1):51-72, viii, 1999
Fowles JV et al: Elbow dislocation with avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 72(1):102-4, 1990
Harrison RB et al: Radiographic clues to fractures of the unossified medial humeral condyle in young children. Skeletal Radiol. 11(3):209-12, 1984
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