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Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Eunice Y. L. Dai, MBBS, FRCR; K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR; Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      TERMINOLOGY

      • Abbreviations

        • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
      • Definitions

        • Rare neuroendocrine malignancy arising from thyroid parafollicular C cells that produce calcitonin

      IMAGING

      • General Features

        • Ultrasonographic Findings

          • CT Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                        • Microscopic Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                    Selected References

                                    1. Kim C et al: Ultrasonography features of medullary thyroid cancer as predictors of its biological behavior. Acta Radiol. 58(4):414-422, 2017
                                    2. Ganeshan D et al: Current update on medullary thyroid carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(6):W867-76, 2013
                                    3. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. New York: Springer. 107-150, 2011
                                    4. Lee S et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma and application of current sonographic criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(4):1090-4, 2010
                                    5. Wong KT et al: Ultrasound of thyroid cancer. Cancer Imaging. 5:157-66, 2005
                                    6. Harnsberger HR et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Head & Neck. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys. III-11-28-31, 2004
                                    7. Ahuja AT et al: Imaging in Head & Neck Cancer: A Practical Approach. London: Greenwich Medical Media. 143-66, 2003
                                    8. Kouvaraki MA et al: Role of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer. Surgery. 134(6):946-54; discussion 954-5, 2003
                                    9. Ahuja AT et al: Practical Head & Neck Ultrasound. London: Greenwich Medical Media. 35-64, 2000
                                    10. Weber AL et al: The thyroid and parathyroid glands. CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):1105-29, 2000
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Imaging

                                      • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Abbreviations

                                          • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
                                        • Definitions

                                          • Rare neuroendocrine malignancy arising from thyroid parafollicular C cells that produce calcitonin

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                            • CT Findings

                                              • MR Findings

                                                • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                  • Imaging Recommendations

                                                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                      PATHOLOGY

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                            • Presentation

                                                              • Demographics

                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. Kim C et al: Ultrasonography features of medullary thyroid cancer as predictors of its biological behavior. Acta Radiol. 58(4):414-422, 2017
                                                                      2. Ganeshan D et al: Current update on medullary thyroid carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(6):W867-76, 2013
                                                                      3. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. New York: Springer. 107-150, 2011
                                                                      4. Lee S et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma and application of current sonographic criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(4):1090-4, 2010
                                                                      5. Wong KT et al: Ultrasound of thyroid cancer. Cancer Imaging. 5:157-66, 2005
                                                                      6. Harnsberger HR et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Head & Neck. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys. III-11-28-31, 2004
                                                                      7. Ahuja AT et al: Imaging in Head & Neck Cancer: A Practical Approach. London: Greenwich Medical Media. 143-66, 2003
                                                                      8. Kouvaraki MA et al: Role of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer. Surgery. 134(6):946-54; discussion 954-5, 2003
                                                                      9. Ahuja AT et al: Practical Head & Neck Ultrasound. London: Greenwich Medical Media. 35-64, 2000
                                                                      10. Weber AL et al: The thyroid and parathyroid glands. CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):1105-29, 2000