Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): Rare neuroendocrine malignancy arising from thyroid parafollicular C cells (which secrete calcitonin)
Thyroidectomy with extensive nodal dissection may be curative
Serum calcitonin levels monitored as persistent disease and recurrence common
Imaging important when serum calcitonin levels rise to detect potentially resectable recurrent/metastatic disease
IMAGING
Ga-68 Dotatate PET/CT Findings
F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings
Other Nuclear Medicine Modality Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
RodrÃguez-Bel L et al: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent, residual, or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 44(3):194-200, 2019
Duarte PS et al: Bone and calcified soft tissue metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma better characterized on 18F-fluoride PET/CT than on 68Ga-dotatate PET/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 52(4):318-23, 2018
Yamaga LYI et al: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a lesion-by-lesion comparison with 111In-octreotide SPECT/CT and conventional imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 44(10):1695-701, 2017
De Luca S et al: Multimodal imaging with (18)F-FDG-PET/CT and (111)In-octreotide SPECT in patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med. 30(3):234-41, 2016
Kelil T et al: Current concepts in the molecular genetics and management of thyroid cancer: An update for radiologists. Radiographics. 36(5):1478-93, 2016
Delorme S et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: Imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res. 204:91-116, 2015
Makis W et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT: a report of two cases. Clin Nucl Med. 40(5):408-12, 2015
Tran K et al: Gallium-68 Dotatate PET/CT is superior to other imaging modalities in the detection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in the presence of high serum calcitonin. Hell J Nucl Med. 18(1):19-24, 2015
Khan N et al: Review of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the follow-up of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Control. 12(4):254-60, 2005
de Groot JW et al: Impact of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent or residual medullary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 11(8):786-94, 2004
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): Rare neuroendocrine malignancy arising from thyroid parafollicular C cells (which secrete calcitonin)
Thyroidectomy with extensive nodal dissection may be curative
Serum calcitonin levels monitored as persistent disease and recurrence common
Imaging important when serum calcitonin levels rise to detect potentially resectable recurrent/metastatic disease
IMAGING
Ga-68 Dotatate PET/CT Findings
F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings
Other Nuclear Medicine Modality Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
RodrÃguez-Bel L et al: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent, residual, or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 44(3):194-200, 2019
Duarte PS et al: Bone and calcified soft tissue metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma better characterized on 18F-fluoride PET/CT than on 68Ga-dotatate PET/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 52(4):318-23, 2018
Yamaga LYI et al: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a lesion-by-lesion comparison with 111In-octreotide SPECT/CT and conventional imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 44(10):1695-701, 2017
De Luca S et al: Multimodal imaging with (18)F-FDG-PET/CT and (111)In-octreotide SPECT in patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med. 30(3):234-41, 2016
Kelil T et al: Current concepts in the molecular genetics and management of thyroid cancer: An update for radiologists. Radiographics. 36(5):1478-93, 2016
Delorme S et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: Imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res. 204:91-116, 2015
Makis W et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT: a report of two cases. Clin Nucl Med. 40(5):408-12, 2015
Tran K et al: Gallium-68 Dotatate PET/CT is superior to other imaging modalities in the detection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in the presence of high serum calcitonin. Hell J Nucl Med. 18(1):19-24, 2015
Khan N et al: Review of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the follow-up of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Control. 12(4):254-60, 2005
de Groot JW et al: Impact of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent or residual medullary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 11(8):786-94, 2004
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