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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Medulloblastoma (MB), brain tumor (BT)
Definitions
- Most common malignant BT in children
- 2nd overall to leukemia but much worse overall prognosis
- Malignant, invasive, highly cellular embryonal tumor of cerebellum
- Not single-disease entity
- Group of tumors with variable locations, molecular features, risk stratification, patterns of recurrence, outcome
- 4 distinct MB subgroups defined by methylome or gene expression profiling
- Wingless (WNT) activated
- Sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated
- Group 3 (Grp3)
- Group 4 (Grp4)
- Each subgroup also has additional subtypes
- Subtyping permits more granular view of outcome, dissemination risk profiles
- 12 unique subtypes, each with distinctive molecular and clinical characteristics
- Subgroup affiliation maintained in relapse/recurrence
- Not single-disease entity
- Most common malignant BT in children
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Bhattacharya D et al: Epigenetics and survivorship in pediatric brain tumor patients. J Neurooncol. ePub, 2020
- Blessing MM et al: Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system: an update. Surg Pathol Clin. 13(2):235-47, 2020
- Cacciotti C et al: Advances in the molecular classification of pediatric brain tumors: a guide to the galaxy. J Pathol. ePub, 2020
- Dong J et al: Differentiation between ependymoma and medulloblastoma in children with radiomics approach. Acad Radiol. ePub, 2020
- Hovestadt V et al: Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients. Nat Rev Cancer. 20(1):42-56, 2020
- Kumar R et al: Medulloblastoma genomics in the modern molecular era. Brain Pathol. 30(3):679-90, 2020
- Malbari F et al: Genetics of common pediatric brain tumors. Pediatr Neurol. 104:3-12, 2020
- Roussel MF et al: Modeling pediatric medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol. 30(3):703-12, 2020
- Van Ommeren R et al: The molecular biology of medulloblastoma metastasis. Brain Pathol. 30(3):691-702, 2020
- Zou H et al: Molecular heterogeneity and cellular diversity: implications for precision treatment in medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 12(3):643, 2020
- Stock A et al: Imaging characteristics of wingless pathway subgroup medulloblastomas: Results from the German HIT/SIOP-trial cohort. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(11):1811-7, 2019
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Medulloblastoma (MB), brain tumor (BT)
Definitions
- Most common malignant BT in children
- 2nd overall to leukemia but much worse overall prognosis
- Malignant, invasive, highly cellular embryonal tumor of cerebellum
- Not single-disease entity
- Group of tumors with variable locations, molecular features, risk stratification, patterns of recurrence, outcome
- 4 distinct MB subgroups defined by methylome or gene expression profiling
- Wingless (WNT) activated
- Sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated
- Group 3 (Grp3)
- Group 4 (Grp4)
- Each subgroup also has additional subtypes
- Subtyping permits more granular view of outcome, dissemination risk profiles
- 12 unique subtypes, each with distinctive molecular and clinical characteristics
- Subgroup affiliation maintained in relapse/recurrence
- Not single-disease entity
- Most common malignant BT in children
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Bhattacharya D et al: Epigenetics and survivorship in pediatric brain tumor patients. J Neurooncol. ePub, 2020
- Blessing MM et al: Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system: an update. Surg Pathol Clin. 13(2):235-47, 2020
- Cacciotti C et al: Advances in the molecular classification of pediatric brain tumors: a guide to the galaxy. J Pathol. ePub, 2020
- Dong J et al: Differentiation between ependymoma and medulloblastoma in children with radiomics approach. Acad Radiol. ePub, 2020
- Hovestadt V et al: Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients. Nat Rev Cancer. 20(1):42-56, 2020
- Kumar R et al: Medulloblastoma genomics in the modern molecular era. Brain Pathol. 30(3):679-90, 2020
- Malbari F et al: Genetics of common pediatric brain tumors. Pediatr Neurol. 104:3-12, 2020
- Roussel MF et al: Modeling pediatric medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol. 30(3):703-12, 2020
- Van Ommeren R et al: The molecular biology of medulloblastoma metastasis. Brain Pathol. 30(3):691-702, 2020
- Zou H et al: Molecular heterogeneity and cellular diversity: implications for precision treatment in medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 12(3):643, 2020
- Stock A et al: Imaging characteristics of wingless pathway subgroup medulloblastomas: Results from the German HIT/SIOP-trial cohort. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(11):1811-7, 2019
