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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Procedural memory: Long-term memory that does not require conscious recollection, such as motor skills, also called implicit memory
Declarative memory: Long-term memory that requires conscious recollection, can be episodic or semantic, also called explicit memory
Episodic memory: Recollection of events or objects related to specific context, place, or time, includes autobiographical memory
Semantic memory: Recollection of facts, ideas, and knowledge independent of context
Short-term (working) memory: Form of attention mediated by distinct neural substrates from those used in long-term memory; allows rehearsal, recall, and conscious perception of representations over minutes to hours
Consolidation: Transfer of sensory or semantic representations to long-term memory (encoding)
Pattern separation: Ability to discriminate among representations of similar experiences or objects
Pattern completion: Ability to associate representations of similar experiences or objects
IMAGING ANATOMY
Overview
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal Cortex
Entorhinal Cortex
Perirhinal Cortex
Amygdala
Fornix
Default Mode Network
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Clinical Importance
Functional Imaging Tasks
Selected References
Parvizi J et al: Memory, numbers, and action decision in human posterior parietal cortex. Neuron. 97(1):7-10, 2018
Vahdat S et al: Network-wide reorganization of procedural memory during NREM sleep revealed by fMRI. Elife. 6, 2017
Sidhu MK et al: Memory network plasticity after temporal lobe resection: a longitudinal functional imaging study. Brain. 139(Pt 2):415-30, 2016
Gilmore AW et al: A parietal memory network revealed by multiple MRI methods. Trends Cogn Sci. 19(9):534-43, 2015
Sidhu MK et al: Memory fMRI predicts verbal memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection. Neurology. 84(15):1512-9, 2015
Towgood K et al: Bringing memory fMRI to the clinic: comparison of seven memory fMRI protocols in temporal lobe epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp. 36(4):1595-608, 2015
McCormick C et al: Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 54(5):809-18, 2013
Shapira-Lichter I et al: Portraying the unique contribution of the default mode network to internally driven mnemonic processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110(13):4950-5, 2013
Bonelli SB et al: Imaging language networks before and after anterior temporal lobe resection: results of a longitudinal fMRI study. Epilepsia. 53(4):639-50, 2012
Centeno M et al: Memory in frontal lobe epilepsy: an fMRI study. Epilepsia. 53(10):1756-64, 2012
Sestieri C et al: Episodic memory retrieval, parietal cortex, and the default mode network: functional and topographic analyses. J Neurosci. 31(12):4407-20, 2011
St Jacques PL et al: Dynamic neural networks supporting memory retrieval. Neuroimage. 57(2):608-16, 2011
Thomas AG et al: The fornix in health and disease: an imaging review. Radiographics. 31(4):1107-21, 2011
Yassa MA et al: Pattern separation in the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci. 34(10):515-25, 2011
Bonelli SB et al: Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection. Brain. 133(Pt 4):1186-99, 2010
Burianova H et al: A common functional brain network for autobiographical, episodic, and semantic memory retrieval. Neuroimage. 49(1):865-74, 2010
Carr VA et al: Imaging the human medial temporal lobe with high-resolution fMRI. Neuron. 65(3):298-308, 2010
Duncan JS: Imaging in the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 6(10):537-50, 2010
Labudda K et al: Presurgical language fMRI activation correlates with postsurgical verbal memory decline in left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 92(2-3):258-61, 2010
Seeley WW et al: Neurodegenerative diseases target large-scale human brain networks. Neuron. 62(1):42-52, 2009
Kahn I et al: Distinct cortical anatomy linked to subregions of the medial temporal lobe revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol. 100(1):129-39, 2008
Addis DR et al: Consequences of hippocampal damage across the autobiographical memory network in left temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 130(Pt 9):2327-42, 2007
Squire LR et al: The medial temporal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci. 27:279-306, 2004
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Procedural memory: Long-term memory that does not require conscious recollection, such as motor skills, also called implicit memory
Declarative memory: Long-term memory that requires conscious recollection, can be episodic or semantic, also called explicit memory
Episodic memory: Recollection of events or objects related to specific context, place, or time, includes autobiographical memory
Semantic memory: Recollection of facts, ideas, and knowledge independent of context
Short-term (working) memory: Form of attention mediated by distinct neural substrates from those used in long-term memory; allows rehearsal, recall, and conscious perception of representations over minutes to hours
Consolidation: Transfer of sensory or semantic representations to long-term memory (encoding)
Pattern separation: Ability to discriminate among representations of similar experiences or objects
Pattern completion: Ability to associate representations of similar experiences or objects
IMAGING ANATOMY
Overview
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal Cortex
Entorhinal Cortex
Perirhinal Cortex
Amygdala
Fornix
Default Mode Network
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Clinical Importance
Functional Imaging Tasks
Selected References
Parvizi J et al: Memory, numbers, and action decision in human posterior parietal cortex. Neuron. 97(1):7-10, 2018
Vahdat S et al: Network-wide reorganization of procedural memory during NREM sleep revealed by fMRI. Elife. 6, 2017
Sidhu MK et al: Memory network plasticity after temporal lobe resection: a longitudinal functional imaging study. Brain. 139(Pt 2):415-30, 2016
Gilmore AW et al: A parietal memory network revealed by multiple MRI methods. Trends Cogn Sci. 19(9):534-43, 2015
Sidhu MK et al: Memory fMRI predicts verbal memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection. Neurology. 84(15):1512-9, 2015
Towgood K et al: Bringing memory fMRI to the clinic: comparison of seven memory fMRI protocols in temporal lobe epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp. 36(4):1595-608, 2015
McCormick C et al: Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 54(5):809-18, 2013
Shapira-Lichter I et al: Portraying the unique contribution of the default mode network to internally driven mnemonic processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110(13):4950-5, 2013
Bonelli SB et al: Imaging language networks before and after anterior temporal lobe resection: results of a longitudinal fMRI study. Epilepsia. 53(4):639-50, 2012
Centeno M et al: Memory in frontal lobe epilepsy: an fMRI study. Epilepsia. 53(10):1756-64, 2012
Sestieri C et al: Episodic memory retrieval, parietal cortex, and the default mode network: functional and topographic analyses. J Neurosci. 31(12):4407-20, 2011
St Jacques PL et al: Dynamic neural networks supporting memory retrieval. Neuroimage. 57(2):608-16, 2011
Thomas AG et al: The fornix in health and disease: an imaging review. Radiographics. 31(4):1107-21, 2011
Yassa MA et al: Pattern separation in the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci. 34(10):515-25, 2011
Bonelli SB et al: Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection. Brain. 133(Pt 4):1186-99, 2010
Burianova H et al: A common functional brain network for autobiographical, episodic, and semantic memory retrieval. Neuroimage. 49(1):865-74, 2010
Carr VA et al: Imaging the human medial temporal lobe with high-resolution fMRI. Neuron. 65(3):298-308, 2010
Duncan JS: Imaging in the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 6(10):537-50, 2010
Labudda K et al: Presurgical language fMRI activation correlates with postsurgical verbal memory decline in left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 92(2-3):258-61, 2010
Seeley WW et al: Neurodegenerative diseases target large-scale human brain networks. Neuron. 62(1):42-52, 2009
Kahn I et al: Distinct cortical anatomy linked to subregions of the medial temporal lobe revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol. 100(1):129-39, 2008
Addis DR et al: Consequences of hippocampal damage across the autobiographical memory network in left temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 130(Pt 9):2327-42, 2007
Squire LR et al: The medial temporal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci. 27:279-306, 2004
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