Variety of anatomic conditions and variations of menisci and their attachments that may be mistaken for pathology on MR
IMAGING
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Iqbal A et al: The ring-shaped meniscus: a case series demonstrating the variation of imaging appearances on MRI. Skeletal Radiol. 49(2):281-9, 2020
Kim HJ et al: Association of meniscal flounce in the knee with the pattern and location of meniscal tear, concomitant ligamentous injury, amount of knee joint effusion, and flexion and rotation angles: a magnetic resonance evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 49(8):1277-84, 2020
Lee SK et al: Ring-shaped lateral meniscus combined with an accessory meniscus: a rare anatomical variant. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 28(1):2309499019893059, 2020
Kim YM et al: Anteromedial meniscofemoral ligament of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic features. Arthroscopy. 34(5):1590-600, 2018
Kocher MS et al: Discoid lateral meniscus in children: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 25(11):736-43, 2017
Sharma A et al: Medial oblique meniscomeniscal ligament of knee. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 46(5):E276-9, 2017
Bolog NV et al: Reporting knee meniscal tears: technical aspects, typical pitfalls and how to avoid them. Insights Imaging. 7(3):385-98, 2016
Ellis HB Jr et al: Prevalence of discoid meniscus during arthroscopy for isolated lateral meniscal pathology in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Orthop. 37(4):285-92, 2015
Esteves C et al: Ring-shaped lateral meniscus with hypoplasic anterior cruciate ligament. Skeletal Radiol. 44(12): 1813-8, 2015
Jose J et al: Wrisberg-variant discoid lateral meniscus: current concepts, treatment options, and imaging features with emphasis on dynamic ultrasonography. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 44(3):135-9, 2015
Kamimura M et al: Medial meniscus tear morphology and related clinical symptoms in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 23(1):158-63, 2015
LaPrade CM et al: Meniscal root tears: a classification system based on tear morphology. Am J Sports Med. 43(2):363-9, 2015
Boutin RD et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative meniscus: resection, repair, and replacement. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):517-55, 2014
James EW et al: Radiographic identification of the anterior and posterior root attachments of the medial and lateral menisci. Am J Sports Med. 42(11):2707-14, 2014
Mohankumar R et al: Pitfalls and pearls in MRI of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):516-30, 2014
Rosas HG: Magnetic resonance imaging of the meniscus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):493-516, 2014
Van Steyn MO et al: The hypermobile lateral meniscus: a retrospective review of presentation, imaging, treatment, and results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 24(5):1555-9, 2014
Murlimanju BV et al: Morphological variants of lateral meniscus of the knee: a cadaveric study in South Indian human fetuses. Anat Sci Int. 86(2):63-8, 2011
Yue BW et al: Wrisberg variant of the discoid lateral meniscus with flipped meniscal fragments simulating bucket-handle tear: MRI and arthroscopic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 40(8):1089-94, 2011
Kim JE et al: Is the location of the Wrisberg ligament related to frequent complete discoid lateral meniscus tear? Acta Radiol. 51(10):1120-5, 2010
Kim HK et al: Oblique meniscomeniscal ligament: a normal variant. Pediatr Radiol. 39(6):634, 2009
Laundre BJ et al: MRI accuracy for tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament injury and the clinical relevance of missed tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(2):515-23, 2009
Mustonen AO et al: MRI of acute meniscal injury associated with tibial plateau fractures: prevalence, type, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(4):1002-9, 2008
Peduto AJ et al: Popliteomeniscal fascicles: anatomic considerations using MR arthrography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(2):442-8, 2008
de Abreu MR et al: Meniscofemoral ligaments: patterns of tears and pseudotears of the menisci using cadaveric and clinical material. Skeletal Radiol. 36(8):729-35, 2007
Fox MG: MR imaging of the meniscus: review, current trends, and clinical implications. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(6):1033-53, vii, 2007
Park LS et al: Posterior horn lateral meniscal tears simulating meniscofemoral ligament attachment in the setting of ACL tear: MRI findings. Skeletal Radiol. 36(5):399-403, 2007
Kim YG et al: An arthroscopic analysis of lateral meniscal variants and a comparison with MRI findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 14(1):20-6, 2006
Sproule JA et al: Altered signal intensity in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus: an MR finding of questionable significance. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 125(4):267-71, 2005
Sonin A et al: Intra-articular ganglion arising from the meniscofemoral ligament of Humphrey. Skeletal Radiol. 32(5):295-7, 2003
Aydingöz U et al: MR imaging of the anterior intermeniscal ligament: classification according to insertion sites. Eur Radiol. 12(4):824-9, 2002
Erbagci H et al: An MRI study of the meniscofemoral and transverse ligaments of the knee. Surg Radiol Anat. 24(2):120-4, 2002
Gupte CM et al: Meniscofemoral ligaments revisited. Anatomical study, age correlation and clinical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84(6):846-51, 2002
Cothran RL Jr et al: MR imaging of meniscal contusion in the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(5):1189-92, 2001
Lee BY et al: Incidence and significance of demonstrating the meniscofemoral ligament on MRI. Br J Radiol. 73(867):271-4, 2000
Thornton DD et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee menisci. Semin Roentgenol. 35(3):217-30, 2000
Cho JM et al: Variations in meniscofemoral ligaments at anatomical study and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 28(4):189-95, 1999
Sanders TG et al: Oblique meniscomeniscal ligament: another potential pitfall for a meniscal tear--anatomic description and appearance at MR imaging in three cases. Radiology. 213(1):213-6, 1999
De Maeseneer M et al: Normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures: MR imaging and sonography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(4):969-76, 1998
Miller TT et al: Relationship of the meniscofemoral ligaments of the knee to lateral meniscus tears: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 27(11):729-32, 1998
Poynton AR et al: The meniscofemoral ligaments of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 79(2):327-30, 1997
Jordan MR: Lateral Meniscal Variants: Evaluation and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 4(4):191-200, 1996
De Smet AA et al: MR diagnosis of meniscal tears: analysis of causes of errors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 163(6):1419-23, 1994
Mesgarzadeh M et al: MR imaging of the knee: expanded classification and pitfalls to interpretation of meniscal tears. Radiographics. 13(3):489-500, 1993
Hassine D et al: The meniscofemoral ligaments: magnetic resonance imaging and anatomic correlations. Surg Radiol Anat. 14(1):59-63, 1992
Kaplan PA et al: MR of the knee: the significance of high signal in the meniscus that does not clearly extend to the surface. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 156(2):333-6, 1991
Carpenter WA: Meniscofemoral ligament simulating tear of the lateral meniscus: MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 14(6):1033-4, 1990
Vahey TN et al: MR imaging of the knee: pseudotear of the lateral meniscus caused by the meniscofemoral ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(6):1237-9, 1990
Watanabe AT et al: Common pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 71(6):857-62, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Medial meniscus (MM)
Lateral meniscus (LM)
Definitions
Variety of anatomic conditions and variations of menisci and their attachments that may be mistaken for pathology on MR
IMAGING
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Iqbal A et al: The ring-shaped meniscus: a case series demonstrating the variation of imaging appearances on MRI. Skeletal Radiol. 49(2):281-9, 2020
Kim HJ et al: Association of meniscal flounce in the knee with the pattern and location of meniscal tear, concomitant ligamentous injury, amount of knee joint effusion, and flexion and rotation angles: a magnetic resonance evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 49(8):1277-84, 2020
Lee SK et al: Ring-shaped lateral meniscus combined with an accessory meniscus: a rare anatomical variant. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 28(1):2309499019893059, 2020
Kim YM et al: Anteromedial meniscofemoral ligament of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic features. Arthroscopy. 34(5):1590-600, 2018
Kocher MS et al: Discoid lateral meniscus in children: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 25(11):736-43, 2017
Sharma A et al: Medial oblique meniscomeniscal ligament of knee. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 46(5):E276-9, 2017
Bolog NV et al: Reporting knee meniscal tears: technical aspects, typical pitfalls and how to avoid them. Insights Imaging. 7(3):385-98, 2016
Ellis HB Jr et al: Prevalence of discoid meniscus during arthroscopy for isolated lateral meniscal pathology in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Orthop. 37(4):285-92, 2015
Esteves C et al: Ring-shaped lateral meniscus with hypoplasic anterior cruciate ligament. Skeletal Radiol. 44(12): 1813-8, 2015
Jose J et al: Wrisberg-variant discoid lateral meniscus: current concepts, treatment options, and imaging features with emphasis on dynamic ultrasonography. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 44(3):135-9, 2015
Kamimura M et al: Medial meniscus tear morphology and related clinical symptoms in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 23(1):158-63, 2015
LaPrade CM et al: Meniscal root tears: a classification system based on tear morphology. Am J Sports Med. 43(2):363-9, 2015
Boutin RD et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative meniscus: resection, repair, and replacement. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):517-55, 2014
James EW et al: Radiographic identification of the anterior and posterior root attachments of the medial and lateral menisci. Am J Sports Med. 42(11):2707-14, 2014
Mohankumar R et al: Pitfalls and pearls in MRI of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):516-30, 2014
Rosas HG: Magnetic resonance imaging of the meniscus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):493-516, 2014
Van Steyn MO et al: The hypermobile lateral meniscus: a retrospective review of presentation, imaging, treatment, and results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 24(5):1555-9, 2014
Murlimanju BV et al: Morphological variants of lateral meniscus of the knee: a cadaveric study in South Indian human fetuses. Anat Sci Int. 86(2):63-8, 2011
Yue BW et al: Wrisberg variant of the discoid lateral meniscus with flipped meniscal fragments simulating bucket-handle tear: MRI and arthroscopic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 40(8):1089-94, 2011
Kim JE et al: Is the location of the Wrisberg ligament related to frequent complete discoid lateral meniscus tear? Acta Radiol. 51(10):1120-5, 2010
Kim HK et al: Oblique meniscomeniscal ligament: a normal variant. Pediatr Radiol. 39(6):634, 2009
Laundre BJ et al: MRI accuracy for tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament injury and the clinical relevance of missed tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(2):515-23, 2009
Mustonen AO et al: MRI of acute meniscal injury associated with tibial plateau fractures: prevalence, type, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(4):1002-9, 2008
Peduto AJ et al: Popliteomeniscal fascicles: anatomic considerations using MR arthrography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(2):442-8, 2008
de Abreu MR et al: Meniscofemoral ligaments: patterns of tears and pseudotears of the menisci using cadaveric and clinical material. Skeletal Radiol. 36(8):729-35, 2007
Fox MG: MR imaging of the meniscus: review, current trends, and clinical implications. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(6):1033-53, vii, 2007
Park LS et al: Posterior horn lateral meniscal tears simulating meniscofemoral ligament attachment in the setting of ACL tear: MRI findings. Skeletal Radiol. 36(5):399-403, 2007
Kim YG et al: An arthroscopic analysis of lateral meniscal variants and a comparison with MRI findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 14(1):20-6, 2006
Sproule JA et al: Altered signal intensity in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus: an MR finding of questionable significance. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 125(4):267-71, 2005
Sonin A et al: Intra-articular ganglion arising from the meniscofemoral ligament of Humphrey. Skeletal Radiol. 32(5):295-7, 2003
Aydingöz U et al: MR imaging of the anterior intermeniscal ligament: classification according to insertion sites. Eur Radiol. 12(4):824-9, 2002
Erbagci H et al: An MRI study of the meniscofemoral and transverse ligaments of the knee. Surg Radiol Anat. 24(2):120-4, 2002
Gupte CM et al: Meniscofemoral ligaments revisited. Anatomical study, age correlation and clinical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84(6):846-51, 2002
Cothran RL Jr et al: MR imaging of meniscal contusion in the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(5):1189-92, 2001
Lee BY et al: Incidence and significance of demonstrating the meniscofemoral ligament on MRI. Br J Radiol. 73(867):271-4, 2000
Thornton DD et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee menisci. Semin Roentgenol. 35(3):217-30, 2000
Cho JM et al: Variations in meniscofemoral ligaments at anatomical study and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 28(4):189-95, 1999
Sanders TG et al: Oblique meniscomeniscal ligament: another potential pitfall for a meniscal tear--anatomic description and appearance at MR imaging in three cases. Radiology. 213(1):213-6, 1999
De Maeseneer M et al: Normal and abnormal medial meniscocapsular structures: MR imaging and sonography in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(4):969-76, 1998
Miller TT et al: Relationship of the meniscofemoral ligaments of the knee to lateral meniscus tears: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 27(11):729-32, 1998
Poynton AR et al: The meniscofemoral ligaments of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 79(2):327-30, 1997
Jordan MR: Lateral Meniscal Variants: Evaluation and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 4(4):191-200, 1996
De Smet AA et al: MR diagnosis of meniscal tears: analysis of causes of errors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 163(6):1419-23, 1994
Mesgarzadeh M et al: MR imaging of the knee: expanded classification and pitfalls to interpretation of meniscal tears. Radiographics. 13(3):489-500, 1993
Hassine D et al: The meniscofemoral ligaments: magnetic resonance imaging and anatomic correlations. Surg Radiol Anat. 14(1):59-63, 1992
Kaplan PA et al: MR of the knee: the significance of high signal in the meniscus that does not clearly extend to the surface. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 156(2):333-6, 1991
Carpenter WA: Meniscofemoral ligament simulating tear of the lateral meniscus: MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 14(6):1033-4, 1990
Vahey TN et al: MR imaging of the knee: pseudotear of the lateral meniscus caused by the meniscofemoral ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(6):1237-9, 1990
Watanabe AT et al: Common pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 71(6):857-62, 1989
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