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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Lymphangitic or hematogenous tumor spread to intraparotid lymph nodes (systemic metastases)
- Parotid and periparotid nodes = 1st-order nodal station for skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) and melanoma from scalp, auricle, and face (regional metastatic disease)
IMAGING
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CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
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DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Chegini S et al: Recent advances in the histopathological assessment of salivary disease. J Oral Pathol Med. 49(7):601-5, 2020
- Hasmat S et al: Regional metastasis in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an update on the significance of extra-nodal extension and soft tissue metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 27(8):2840-5, 2020
- Kim HJ et al: Intra-parotid lymph node metastasis in patients with non-cutaneous head and neck cancers: clinical and imaging features for differentiation from simultaneous parotid primary tumor. Acta Radiol. 61(12):1628-35, 2020
- Schneider S et al: Intraparotid and cervical lymph nodes metastasis in primary parotid gland carcinoma-impact on clinical outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 129(6):570-4, 2020
- Williamson AJ et al: Intraparotid lymph node metastasis from a nasal septal carcinoma: an unusual source of the unknown primary. BMJ Case Rep. 13(2), 2020
- Myers LL et al: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the parotid region lymph nodes. Laryngoscope. 129(7):1579-86, 2019
- Shi X et al: Anatomic extent of lymph node metastases as an independent prognosticator in node-positive major salivary gland carcinoma: a study of the US SEER database and a Chinese multicenter cohort. Eur J Surg Oncol. 45(11):2143-50, 2019
- Zhang Y et al: Prognosis and staging of parotid lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis in 10,126 patients. Oral Oncol. 95:150-6, 2019
- Chen MM et al: Prognostic factors for squamous cell cancer of the parotid gland: an analysis of 2104 patients. Head Neck. 37(1):1-7, 2015
- Pfisterer MJ et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a population-based analysis of 2545 cases. Am J Otolaryngol. 35(4):469-75, 2014
- Sandu I et al: Misleading appearance in cervical lymph node US diagnosis - a report on sarcoidosis, Warthin tumor and squamous cell carcinoma metastases. Med Ultrason. 16(2):182-5, 2014
- Udager AM et al: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, of the parotid gland: a case report, review of literature, and proposed algorithmic approach to salivary gland clear cell neoplasms in fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Diagn Cytopathol. 42(11):974-83, 2014
- Mansour N et al: Evaluation of parotid gland lesions with standard ultrasound, color duplex sonography, sonoelastography, and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging - a pilot study. Ultraschall Med. 33(3):283-8, 2012
- Olsen SM et al: Oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to the parotid lymph nodes. Oral Oncol. 47(2):142-4, 2011
- Peiffer N et al: Patterns of regional metastasis in advanced stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the auricle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 144(1):36-42, 2011
- Sellinger M et al: Contralateral metastasis of parotid gland in advanced breast cancer with peripheral facial paralysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 284(6):1557-60, 2011
- Guzzo M et al: Major and minor salivary gland tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 74(2):134-48, 2010
- Laco J et al: Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: Warthin tumor as a recipient of lung carcinoma and of renal carcinoma - Report of two cases. Pathol Res Pract. 206(7):458-62, 2010
- Turner SJ et al: Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear: a high-risk cutaneous subsite. J Laryngol Otol. 124(1):26-31, 2010
- Ulubas B et al: Small cell lung cancer diagnosed with metastasis in parotid gland. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):781-3, 2010
- Wang Z et al: Myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland metastatic to the kidney: case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 38(4):279-82, 2010
- Bangerter M: Cytomorphologic pitfall of primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland: a case report. Acta Cytol. 53(4):435-6, 2009
- Dong XR et al: Parotid gland metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. J Int Med Res. 37(6):1994-9, 2009
- Lee SK et al: Parotid incidentaloma identified by combined 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body positron emission tomography and computed tomography: findings at grayscale and power Doppler ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core-needle biopsy. Eur Radiol. 19(9):2268-74, 2009
- Ch'ng S et al: Parotid and cervical nodal status predict prognosis for patients with head and neck metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 98(2):101-5, 2008
- Hinerman RW et al: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to parotid-area lymph nodes. Laryngoscope. 118(11):1989-96, 2008
- Veness MJ et al: Cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to parotid and cervical lymph nodes. Head Neck. 29(7):621-31, 2007
- Ch'ng S et al: Parotid metastasis--an independent prognostic factor for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 59(12):1288-93, 2006
- Nuyens M et al: Metastatic disease to the parotid gland. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):844-8, 2006
- Bron LP et al: Primary and metastatic cancer of the parotid: comparison of clinical behavior in 232 cases. Laryngoscope. 113(6):1070-5, 2003
- Cole MD et al: Evaluation of nodal patterns for melanoma of the ear. Plast Reconstr Surg. 112(1):50-6, 2003
- O'Brien CJ et al: Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings in metastatic cutaneous squamous carcinoma of the parotid gland. Head Neck. 24(5):417-22, 2002
- delCharco JO et al: Carcinoma of the skin metastatic to the parotid area lymph nodes. Head Neck. 20(5):369-73, 1998
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Lymphangitic or hematogenous tumor spread to intraparotid lymph nodes (systemic metastases)
- Parotid and periparotid nodes = 1st-order nodal station for skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) and melanoma from scalp, auricle, and face (regional metastatic disease)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Chegini S et al: Recent advances in the histopathological assessment of salivary disease. J Oral Pathol Med. 49(7):601-5, 2020
- Hasmat S et al: Regional metastasis in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an update on the significance of extra-nodal extension and soft tissue metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 27(8):2840-5, 2020
- Kim HJ et al: Intra-parotid lymph node metastasis in patients with non-cutaneous head and neck cancers: clinical and imaging features for differentiation from simultaneous parotid primary tumor. Acta Radiol. 61(12):1628-35, 2020
- Schneider S et al: Intraparotid and cervical lymph nodes metastasis in primary parotid gland carcinoma-impact on clinical outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 129(6):570-4, 2020
- Williamson AJ et al: Intraparotid lymph node metastasis from a nasal septal carcinoma: an unusual source of the unknown primary. BMJ Case Rep. 13(2), 2020
- Myers LL et al: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the parotid region lymph nodes. Laryngoscope. 129(7):1579-86, 2019
- Shi X et al: Anatomic extent of lymph node metastases as an independent prognosticator in node-positive major salivary gland carcinoma: a study of the US SEER database and a Chinese multicenter cohort. Eur J Surg Oncol. 45(11):2143-50, 2019
- Zhang Y et al: Prognosis and staging of parotid lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis in 10,126 patients. Oral Oncol. 95:150-6, 2019
- Chen MM et al: Prognostic factors for squamous cell cancer of the parotid gland: an analysis of 2104 patients. Head Neck. 37(1):1-7, 2015
- Pfisterer MJ et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a population-based analysis of 2545 cases. Am J Otolaryngol. 35(4):469-75, 2014
- Sandu I et al: Misleading appearance in cervical lymph node US diagnosis - a report on sarcoidosis, Warthin tumor and squamous cell carcinoma metastases. Med Ultrason. 16(2):182-5, 2014
- Udager AM et al: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, of the parotid gland: a case report, review of literature, and proposed algorithmic approach to salivary gland clear cell neoplasms in fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Diagn Cytopathol. 42(11):974-83, 2014
- Mansour N et al: Evaluation of parotid gland lesions with standard ultrasound, color duplex sonography, sonoelastography, and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging - a pilot study. Ultraschall Med. 33(3):283-8, 2012
- Olsen SM et al: Oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to the parotid lymph nodes. Oral Oncol. 47(2):142-4, 2011
- Peiffer N et al: Patterns of regional metastasis in advanced stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the auricle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 144(1):36-42, 2011
- Sellinger M et al: Contralateral metastasis of parotid gland in advanced breast cancer with peripheral facial paralysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 284(6):1557-60, 2011
- Guzzo M et al: Major and minor salivary gland tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 74(2):134-48, 2010
- Laco J et al: Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: Warthin tumor as a recipient of lung carcinoma and of renal carcinoma - Report of two cases. Pathol Res Pract. 206(7):458-62, 2010
- Turner SJ et al: Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear: a high-risk cutaneous subsite. J Laryngol Otol. 124(1):26-31, 2010
- Ulubas B et al: Small cell lung cancer diagnosed with metastasis in parotid gland. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):781-3, 2010
- Wang Z et al: Myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland metastatic to the kidney: case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 38(4):279-82, 2010
- Bangerter M: Cytomorphologic pitfall of primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland: a case report. Acta Cytol. 53(4):435-6, 2009
- Dong XR et al: Parotid gland metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. J Int Med Res. 37(6):1994-9, 2009
- Lee SK et al: Parotid incidentaloma identified by combined 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body positron emission tomography and computed tomography: findings at grayscale and power Doppler ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core-needle biopsy. Eur Radiol. 19(9):2268-74, 2009
- Ch'ng S et al: Parotid and cervical nodal status predict prognosis for patients with head and neck metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 98(2):101-5, 2008
- Hinerman RW et al: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to parotid-area lymph nodes. Laryngoscope. 118(11):1989-96, 2008
- Veness MJ et al: Cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to parotid and cervical lymph nodes. Head Neck. 29(7):621-31, 2007
- Ch'ng S et al: Parotid metastasis--an independent prognostic factor for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 59(12):1288-93, 2006
- Nuyens M et al: Metastatic disease to the parotid gland. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):844-8, 2006
- Bron LP et al: Primary and metastatic cancer of the parotid: comparison of clinical behavior in 232 cases. Laryngoscope. 113(6):1070-5, 2003
- Cole MD et al: Evaluation of nodal patterns for melanoma of the ear. Plast Reconstr Surg. 112(1):50-6, 2003
- O'Brien CJ et al: Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings in metastatic cutaneous squamous carcinoma of the parotid gland. Head Neck. 24(5):417-22, 2002
- delCharco JO et al: Carcinoma of the skin metastatic to the parotid area lymph nodes. Head Neck. 20(5):369-73, 1998
