Axillary or intramammary nodal metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with breast origin, otherwise without clinically or mammographically evident breast cancer
Bochtler T et al: Diagnosis and management of metastatic neoplasms with unknown primary. Semin Diagn Pathol. 35(3):199-206, 2018
Ouldamer L et al: Axillary lymph node metastases from unknown primary: a French multicentre study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 223:103-7, 2018
Terada M et al: Occult breast cancer may originate from ectopic breast tissue present in axillary lymph nodes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 172(1):1-7, 2018
McCartan DP et al: Oncologic outcomes after treatment for MRI occult breast cancer (pT0N+). Ann Surg Oncol. 24(11):3141-7, 2017
Kandalaft PL et al: Comparative sensitivities and specificities of antibodies to breast markers GCDFP-15, mammaglobin A, and different clones of antibodies to GATA-3: a study of 338 tumors using whole sections. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 24(9):609-14, 2016
Miettinen M et al: GATA3: a multispecific but potentially useful marker in surgical pathology: a systematic analysis of 2500 epithelial and nonepithelial tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 38(1):13-22, 2014
Sohn G et al: Treatment and survival of patients with occult breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis: a nationwide retrospective study. J Surg Oncol. 110(3):270-4, 2014
Hemminki K et al: Site-specific survival rates for cancer of unknown primary according to location of metastases. Int J Cancer. 133(1):182-9, 2013
de Bresser J et al: Breast MRI in clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer presenting with an axillary metastasis: a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 36(2):114-9, 2010
Kinoshita S et al: Metachronous secondary primary occult breast cancer initially presenting with metastases to the contralateral axillary lymph nodes: report of a case. Breast Cancer. 17(1):71-4, 2010
Pentheroudakis G et al: Axillary nodal metastases from carcinoma of unknown primary (CUPAx): a systematic review of published evidence. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 119(1):1-11, 2010
Schwab FD et al: Suspicious axillary lymph nodes in patients with unremarkable imaging of the breast. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 150(1):88-91, 2010
Wang X et al: Clinical benefits of mastectomy on treatment of occult breast carcinoma presenting axillary metastases. Breast J. 16(1):32-7, 2010
Lanitis S et al: Axillary metastatic disease as presentation of occult or contralateral breast cancer. Breast. 18(4):225-7, 2009
Bhargava R et al: Mammaglobin vs GCDFP-15: an immunohistologic validation survey for sensitivity and specificity. Am J Clin Pathol. 127(1):103-13, 2007
Capobianco G et al: Lymph node axillary metastasis from occult contralateral infiltrating lobular carcinoma arising in accessory breast: MRI diagnosis. Breast J. 13(3):305-7, 2007
Ko EY et al: Breast MRI for evaluating patients with metastatic axillary lymph node and initially negative mammography and sonography. Korean J Radiol. 8(5):382-9, 2007
Yamaguchi H et al: Occult breast cancer presenting as axillary metastases. Breast. 15(2):259-62, 2006
Buchanan CL et al: Utility of breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with occult primary breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 12(12):1045-53, 2005
Khandelwal AK et al: Therapeutic options for occult breast cancer: a survey of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and review of the literature. Am J Surg. 190(4):609-13, 2005
McMahon K et al: Breast magnetic resonance imaging: an essential role in malignant axillary lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. Australas Radiol. 49(5):382-9, 2005
Fourquet A et al: Occult primary cancer with axillary metastases. In Harris JR et al. Diseases of the Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 703-07, 2000
Steunebrink M et al: Bilateral axillary metastases of occult breast carcinoma: report of a case with a review of the literature. Breast. 14(2):165-8, 2005
Yirmibeşoğlu E et al: A patient with occult breast cancer presenting with an axillary lymph node metastasis and a synchronous contralateral breast cancer. Breast. 14(2):157-62, 2005
Blanchard DK et al: Retrospective study of women presenting with axillary metastases from occult breast carcinoma. World J Surg. 28(6):535-9, 2004
Muttarak M et al: Role of mammography in diagnosis of axillary abnormalities in women with normal breast examination. Australas Radiol. 48(3):306-10, 2004
Matsuoka K et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases: follow-up of eleven patients. Breast Cancer. 10(4):330-4, 2003
Pavlidis N et al: Diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer of an unknown primary. Eur J Cancer. 39(14):1990-2005, 2003
Schelfout K et al: Breast MR imaging in a patient with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and unknown primary malignancy. Eur Radiol. 13(9):2128-32, 2003
Medina-Franco H et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases. Rev Invest Clin. 54(3):204-8, 2002
Vlastos G et al: Feasibility of breast preservation in the treatment of occult primary carcinoma presenting with axillary metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 8(5):425-31, 2001
Foroudi F et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting as axillary metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 47(1):143-7, 2000
Orel SG et al: Breast MR imaging in patients with axillary node metastases and unknown primary malignancy. Radiology. 212(2):543-9, 1999
Morris EA et al: MR imaging of the breast in patients with occult primary breast carcinoma. Radiology. 205(2):437-40, 1997
Leibman AJ et al: Mammography in women with axillary lymphadenopathy and normal breasts on physical examination: value in detecting occult breast carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159(3):493-5, 1992
Rosen PP et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases: a follow-up study of 48 patients. Hum Pathol. 21(5):518-23, 1990
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Axillary lymph node (AXLN)
Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP)
Inframammary fold (IMF)
Definitions
Axillary or intramammary nodal metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with breast origin, otherwise without clinically or mammographically evident breast cancer
Bochtler T et al: Diagnosis and management of metastatic neoplasms with unknown primary. Semin Diagn Pathol. 35(3):199-206, 2018
Ouldamer L et al: Axillary lymph node metastases from unknown primary: a French multicentre study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 223:103-7, 2018
Terada M et al: Occult breast cancer may originate from ectopic breast tissue present in axillary lymph nodes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 172(1):1-7, 2018
McCartan DP et al: Oncologic outcomes after treatment for MRI occult breast cancer (pT0N+). Ann Surg Oncol. 24(11):3141-7, 2017
Kandalaft PL et al: Comparative sensitivities and specificities of antibodies to breast markers GCDFP-15, mammaglobin A, and different clones of antibodies to GATA-3: a study of 338 tumors using whole sections. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 24(9):609-14, 2016
Miettinen M et al: GATA3: a multispecific but potentially useful marker in surgical pathology: a systematic analysis of 2500 epithelial and nonepithelial tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 38(1):13-22, 2014
Sohn G et al: Treatment and survival of patients with occult breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis: a nationwide retrospective study. J Surg Oncol. 110(3):270-4, 2014
Hemminki K et al: Site-specific survival rates for cancer of unknown primary according to location of metastases. Int J Cancer. 133(1):182-9, 2013
de Bresser J et al: Breast MRI in clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer presenting with an axillary metastasis: a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 36(2):114-9, 2010
Kinoshita S et al: Metachronous secondary primary occult breast cancer initially presenting with metastases to the contralateral axillary lymph nodes: report of a case. Breast Cancer. 17(1):71-4, 2010
Pentheroudakis G et al: Axillary nodal metastases from carcinoma of unknown primary (CUPAx): a systematic review of published evidence. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 119(1):1-11, 2010
Schwab FD et al: Suspicious axillary lymph nodes in patients with unremarkable imaging of the breast. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 150(1):88-91, 2010
Wang X et al: Clinical benefits of mastectomy on treatment of occult breast carcinoma presenting axillary metastases. Breast J. 16(1):32-7, 2010
Lanitis S et al: Axillary metastatic disease as presentation of occult or contralateral breast cancer. Breast. 18(4):225-7, 2009
Bhargava R et al: Mammaglobin vs GCDFP-15: an immunohistologic validation survey for sensitivity and specificity. Am J Clin Pathol. 127(1):103-13, 2007
Capobianco G et al: Lymph node axillary metastasis from occult contralateral infiltrating lobular carcinoma arising in accessory breast: MRI diagnosis. Breast J. 13(3):305-7, 2007
Ko EY et al: Breast MRI for evaluating patients with metastatic axillary lymph node and initially negative mammography and sonography. Korean J Radiol. 8(5):382-9, 2007
Yamaguchi H et al: Occult breast cancer presenting as axillary metastases. Breast. 15(2):259-62, 2006
Buchanan CL et al: Utility of breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with occult primary breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 12(12):1045-53, 2005
Khandelwal AK et al: Therapeutic options for occult breast cancer: a survey of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and review of the literature. Am J Surg. 190(4):609-13, 2005
McMahon K et al: Breast magnetic resonance imaging: an essential role in malignant axillary lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. Australas Radiol. 49(5):382-9, 2005
Fourquet A et al: Occult primary cancer with axillary metastases. In Harris JR et al. Diseases of the Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 703-07, 2000
Steunebrink M et al: Bilateral axillary metastases of occult breast carcinoma: report of a case with a review of the literature. Breast. 14(2):165-8, 2005
Yirmibeşoğlu E et al: A patient with occult breast cancer presenting with an axillary lymph node metastasis and a synchronous contralateral breast cancer. Breast. 14(2):157-62, 2005
Blanchard DK et al: Retrospective study of women presenting with axillary metastases from occult breast carcinoma. World J Surg. 28(6):535-9, 2004
Muttarak M et al: Role of mammography in diagnosis of axillary abnormalities in women with normal breast examination. Australas Radiol. 48(3):306-10, 2004
Matsuoka K et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases: follow-up of eleven patients. Breast Cancer. 10(4):330-4, 2003
Pavlidis N et al: Diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer of an unknown primary. Eur J Cancer. 39(14):1990-2005, 2003
Schelfout K et al: Breast MR imaging in a patient with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and unknown primary malignancy. Eur Radiol. 13(9):2128-32, 2003
Medina-Franco H et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases. Rev Invest Clin. 54(3):204-8, 2002
Vlastos G et al: Feasibility of breast preservation in the treatment of occult primary carcinoma presenting with axillary metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 8(5):425-31, 2001
Foroudi F et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting as axillary metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 47(1):143-7, 2000
Orel SG et al: Breast MR imaging in patients with axillary node metastases and unknown primary malignancy. Radiology. 212(2):543-9, 1999
Morris EA et al: MR imaging of the breast in patients with occult primary breast carcinoma. Radiology. 205(2):437-40, 1997
Leibman AJ et al: Mammography in women with axillary lymphadenopathy and normal breasts on physical examination: value in detecting occult breast carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159(3):493-5, 1992
Rosen PP et al: Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases: a follow-up study of 48 patients. Hum Pathol. 21(5):518-23, 1990
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