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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Cholesterol granuloma (CG)
Synonyms
- Cholesterol cyst, chocolate cyst, blue-dome cyst
Definitions
- Recurrent hemorrhage into middle ear (ME) cavity causes inflammatory mass of granulation tissue
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Angeletti D et al: Tympanic cholesterol granuloma and exclusive endoscopic approach. Am J Case Rep. 21:e925369, 2020
- Hodges J et al: Gradenigo's syndrome and bacterial meningitis in a patient with a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2020:8822053, 2020
- Kim SG et al: A case of fungal ball with cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity. J Audiol Otol. 24(4):210-23, 2020
- Pace A et al: Tympano-mastoid cholesterol granuloma: case report and review of the literature. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 13:1179547620958728, 2020
- Campion T et al: Imaging of temporal bone inflammations in children: a pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 61(9):959-70, 2019
- Khant ZA et al: Three-dimensional reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession diffusion-weighted imaging for the detection of middle ear cholesteatoma. Clin Radiol. 74(11):898.e7-13, 2019
- Laora AD et al: Cochlear implant electrode migration due to cholesterol granuloma: cues from a case. J Int Adv Otol. 15(3):466-8, 2019
- Bruchhage KL et al: Transsphenoidal and infralabyrinthine approach of the petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 274(7):2749-56, 2017
- Grinblat G et al: Petrous apex cholesterol granulomas: outcomes, complications, and hearing results from surgical and wait-and-scan management. Otol Neurotol. 38(10):e476-e485, 2017
- Kuruma T et al: Large cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear eroding into the middle cranial fossa. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2017:4793786, 2017
- Olcott C et al: A blue middle ear mass: cholesterol granuloma mimicking a glomus tumor and endolymphatic sac tumor. Am J Otolaryngol. 38(1):100-2, 2017
- Özgen B et al: Accuracy of turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging signal intensity measurements for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Diagn Interv Radiol. 23(4):300-6, 2017
- Dinh CT et al: Atypical radiographic features of skull base cholesterol granuloma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(6):1425-31, 2016
- Iannella G et al: Tympanomastoid cholesterol granuloma: radiological and intraoperative findings of blood source connection. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(9):2395-401, 2016
- Isaacson B et al: Endoscopic management of middle ear and temporal bone lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 49(5):1205-14, 2016
- Sweeney AD et al: Cholesterol granuloma development following temporal bone surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(6):1115-20, 2016
- Yawn RJ et al: Spontaneous resolution of a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Am J Otolaryngol. 37(5):452-4, 2016
- Polo R et al: Mastoid cholesterol granuloma with posterior cranial fossa compression. Otol Neurotol. 34(7):e103-4, 2013
- Shih TY et al: Erosive cholesterol granuloma. Otol Neurotol. 34(4):e26-7, 2013
- Ursick JA et al: Cholesterol granuloma. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(10):E31, 2012
- Matsuda Y et al: Analysis of surgical treatment for middle-ear cholesterol granuloma. J Laryngol Otol Suppl. (31):90-6, 2009
- Martin TP et al: A large and uncharacteristically aggressive cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol. 119(12):1001-3, 2005
- Murugasu E et al: Invasive middle ear cholesterol granuloma involving the basal turn of the cochlea with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol. 25(3):231-5, 2004
- Jackler RK et al: A new theory to explain the genesis of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Otol Neurotol. 24(1):96-106; discussion 106, 2003
- Maeta M et al: Surgical intervention in middle-ear cholesterol granuloma. J Laryngol Otol. 117(5):344-8, 2003
- Friedmann I et al: The ultrastructure of cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear: an electron microscope study. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1979; Vol. 93, pp. 433-442. J Laryngol Otol. 116(11):877-81, 2002
- Kosling S et al: CT and MR imaging after middle ear surgery. Eur J Radiol. 40(2):113-8, 2001
- Campos A et al: Cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear: report of 5 cases. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 50(2):125-9, 1996
- Martin N et al: Cholesterol granulomas of the middle ear cavities: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(2):521-5, 1989
- Palva T et al: Large cholesterol granuloma cysts in the mastoid. Clinical and histopathologic findings. Arch Otolaryngol. 111(12):786-91, 1985
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Cholesterol granuloma (CG)
Synonyms
- Cholesterol cyst, chocolate cyst, blue-dome cyst
Definitions
- Recurrent hemorrhage into middle ear (ME) cavity causes inflammatory mass of granulation tissue
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Angeletti D et al: Tympanic cholesterol granuloma and exclusive endoscopic approach. Am J Case Rep. 21:e925369, 2020
- Hodges J et al: Gradenigo's syndrome and bacterial meningitis in a patient with a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2020:8822053, 2020
- Kim SG et al: A case of fungal ball with cholesterol granuloma in the middle ear cavity. J Audiol Otol. 24(4):210-23, 2020
- Pace A et al: Tympano-mastoid cholesterol granuloma: case report and review of the literature. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 13:1179547620958728, 2020
- Campion T et al: Imaging of temporal bone inflammations in children: a pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 61(9):959-70, 2019
- Khant ZA et al: Three-dimensional reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession diffusion-weighted imaging for the detection of middle ear cholesteatoma. Clin Radiol. 74(11):898.e7-13, 2019
- Laora AD et al: Cochlear implant electrode migration due to cholesterol granuloma: cues from a case. J Int Adv Otol. 15(3):466-8, 2019
- Bruchhage KL et al: Transsphenoidal and infralabyrinthine approach of the petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 274(7):2749-56, 2017
- Grinblat G et al: Petrous apex cholesterol granulomas: outcomes, complications, and hearing results from surgical and wait-and-scan management. Otol Neurotol. 38(10):e476-e485, 2017
- Kuruma T et al: Large cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear eroding into the middle cranial fossa. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2017:4793786, 2017
- Olcott C et al: A blue middle ear mass: cholesterol granuloma mimicking a glomus tumor and endolymphatic sac tumor. Am J Otolaryngol. 38(1):100-2, 2017
- Özgen B et al: Accuracy of turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging signal intensity measurements for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Diagn Interv Radiol. 23(4):300-6, 2017
- Dinh CT et al: Atypical radiographic features of skull base cholesterol granuloma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(6):1425-31, 2016
- Iannella G et al: Tympanomastoid cholesterol granuloma: radiological and intraoperative findings of blood source connection. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(9):2395-401, 2016
- Isaacson B et al: Endoscopic management of middle ear and temporal bone lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 49(5):1205-14, 2016
- Sweeney AD et al: Cholesterol granuloma development following temporal bone surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(6):1115-20, 2016
- Yawn RJ et al: Spontaneous resolution of a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Am J Otolaryngol. 37(5):452-4, 2016
- Polo R et al: Mastoid cholesterol granuloma with posterior cranial fossa compression. Otol Neurotol. 34(7):e103-4, 2013
- Shih TY et al: Erosive cholesterol granuloma. Otol Neurotol. 34(4):e26-7, 2013
- Ursick JA et al: Cholesterol granuloma. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(10):E31, 2012
- Matsuda Y et al: Analysis of surgical treatment for middle-ear cholesterol granuloma. J Laryngol Otol Suppl. (31):90-6, 2009
- Martin TP et al: A large and uncharacteristically aggressive cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol. 119(12):1001-3, 2005
- Murugasu E et al: Invasive middle ear cholesterol granuloma involving the basal turn of the cochlea with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol. 25(3):231-5, 2004
- Jackler RK et al: A new theory to explain the genesis of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma. Otol Neurotol. 24(1):96-106; discussion 106, 2003
- Maeta M et al: Surgical intervention in middle-ear cholesterol granuloma. J Laryngol Otol. 117(5):344-8, 2003
- Friedmann I et al: The ultrastructure of cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear: an electron microscope study. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1979; Vol. 93, pp. 433-442. J Laryngol Otol. 116(11):877-81, 2002
- Kosling S et al: CT and MR imaging after middle ear surgery. Eur J Radiol. 40(2):113-8, 2001
- Campos A et al: Cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear: report of 5 cases. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 50(2):125-9, 1996
- Martin N et al: Cholesterol granulomas of the middle ear cavities: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(2):521-5, 1989
- Palva T et al: Large cholesterol granuloma cysts in the mastoid. Clinical and histopathologic findings. Arch Otolaryngol. 111(12):786-91, 1985
