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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Milk of calcium (MOC)
Synonyms
- Benign, intracystic calcifications (Ca⁺⁺)
- Sedimented calcium crystals within fluid
Definitions
- MOC: Radiologic term for calcifications that settle dependently in micro- or macrocysts, resulting in changeable morphology from one mammographic view to another
- Component of fibrocystic change
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Oligane HC et al: Grouped amorphous calcifications at mammography: frequently atypical but rarely associated with aggressive malignancy. Radiology. 288(3):671-9, 2018
- Ghammraoui B et al: Investigating the feasibility of classifying breast microcalcifications using photon-counting spectral mammography: a simulation study. Med Phys. 44(6):2304-2311, 2017
- Ghammraoui B et al: Non-invasive classification of breast microcalcifications using x-ray coherent scatter computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. 62(3):1192-1207, 2017
- Hicks DG et al: Nonproliferative changes. In Diagnostic Pathology: Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2016
- Sickles EA et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS: Mammography. 5th ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2013
- Park JS et al: Carcinoma mixed within milk of calcium in a breast: a case report. Korean J Radiol. 9 Suppl:S7-9, 2008
- D'Orsi CJ et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: BI-RADS, Mammography. 4th ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2003
- Berg WA et al: Biopsy of amorphous breast calcifications: pathologic outcome and yield at stereotactic biopsy. Radiology. 221(2):495-503, 2001
- Moy L et al: The pendent view: an additional projection to confirm the diagnosis of milk of calcium. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(1):173-5, 2001
- Ross BA et al: Milk of calcium in the breast: appearance on prone stereotactic imaging. Breast J. 7(1):53-5, 2001
- Margolin FR et al: Microcystic calcifications at stereotactic breast biopsy. Breast J. 5(3):182-185, 1999
- Liberman L et al: The breast imaging reporting and data system: positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):35-40, 1998
- D'Orsi CJ et al: Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 28(3):204-30, 1993
- Truong LD et al: Calcium oxalate in breast lesions biopsied for calcification detected in screening mammography: incidence and clinical significance. Mod Pathol. 5(2):146-52, 1992
- Tornos C et al: Calcium oxalate crystals in breast biopsies. The missing microcalcifications. Am J Surg Pathol. 14(10):961-8, 1990
- Linden SS et al: Sedimented calcium in benign breast cysts: the full spectrum of mammographic presentations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 152(5):967-71, 1989
- Sickles EA et al: Milk of calcium within tiny benign breast cysts. Radiology. 141(3):655-8, 1981
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Milk of calcium (MOC)
Synonyms
- Benign, intracystic calcifications (Ca⁺⁺)
- Sedimented calcium crystals within fluid
Definitions
- MOC: Radiologic term for calcifications that settle dependently in micro- or macrocysts, resulting in changeable morphology from one mammographic view to another
- Component of fibrocystic change
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Oligane HC et al: Grouped amorphous calcifications at mammography: frequently atypical but rarely associated with aggressive malignancy. Radiology. 288(3):671-9, 2018
- Ghammraoui B et al: Investigating the feasibility of classifying breast microcalcifications using photon-counting spectral mammography: a simulation study. Med Phys. 44(6):2304-2311, 2017
- Ghammraoui B et al: Non-invasive classification of breast microcalcifications using x-ray coherent scatter computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. 62(3):1192-1207, 2017
- Hicks DG et al: Nonproliferative changes. In Diagnostic Pathology: Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2016
- Sickles EA et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS: Mammography. 5th ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2013
- Park JS et al: Carcinoma mixed within milk of calcium in a breast: a case report. Korean J Radiol. 9 Suppl:S7-9, 2008
- D'Orsi CJ et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: BI-RADS, Mammography. 4th ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2003
- Berg WA et al: Biopsy of amorphous breast calcifications: pathologic outcome and yield at stereotactic biopsy. Radiology. 221(2):495-503, 2001
- Moy L et al: The pendent view: an additional projection to confirm the diagnosis of milk of calcium. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(1):173-5, 2001
- Ross BA et al: Milk of calcium in the breast: appearance on prone stereotactic imaging. Breast J. 7(1):53-5, 2001
- Margolin FR et al: Microcystic calcifications at stereotactic breast biopsy. Breast J. 5(3):182-185, 1999
- Liberman L et al: The breast imaging reporting and data system: positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):35-40, 1998
- D'Orsi CJ et al: Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 28(3):204-30, 1993
- Truong LD et al: Calcium oxalate in breast lesions biopsied for calcification detected in screening mammography: incidence and clinical significance. Mod Pathol. 5(2):146-52, 1992
- Tornos C et al: Calcium oxalate crystals in breast biopsies. The missing microcalcifications. Am J Surg Pathol. 14(10):961-8, 1990
- Linden SS et al: Sedimented calcium in benign breast cysts: the full spectrum of mammographic presentations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 152(5):967-71, 1989
- Sickles EA et al: Milk of calcium within tiny benign breast cysts. Radiology. 141(3):655-8, 1981
