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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Malignant mesenchymal tumors (MMTs)
Synonyms
- Malignant nonmeningothelial tumors
Definitions
- Nonmeningotheliomatous MMTs
- Histologically correspond to extracranial tumors of soft tissue or bone
- Most are sarcomas
- Angiosarcoma (ANGIO), chondrosarcoma (CHON), fibrosarcoma (FIBRO)
- Osteosarcoma (OSTEO), rhabdomyosarcoma (RHAB)
- Meningeal sarcoma (MENSARC), Ewing sarcoma (EWING), etc.
- Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
- Nonmeningotheliomatous MMTs
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Flaman AN et al: Soft tissue special issue: chondroid neoplasms of the skull. Head Neck Pathol. 14(1):83-96, 2020
- Luo Z et al: CT and MRI features of calvarium and skull base osteosarcoma (CSBO). Br J Radiol. 93(1105):20190653, 2020
- Luo Z et al: Head and neck osteosarcoma: CT and MR imaging features. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 49(2):20190202, 2020
- Pons Escoda A et al: Imaging of skull vault tumors in adults. Insights Imaging. 11(1):23, 2020
- Li L et al: Radiomic analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Eur J Radiol. 118:81-7, 2019
- Tallegas M et al: IDH mutation status in a series of 88 head and neck chondrosarcomas: different profile between tumors of the skull base and tumors involving the facial skeleton and the laryngotracheal tract. Hum Pathol. 84:183-91, 2019
- Guo Z et al: Osteosarcoma of the skull base: an analysis of 19 cases and literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 44:133-42, 2017
- Kitamura Y et al: Genetic aberrations and molecular biology of skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 34(2):78-90, 2017
- Nair P et al: Calvarial Ewing's sarcoma, a rare childhood tumor: report and a review of literature. Neurol India. 65(4):904-6, 2017
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Malignant mesenchymal tumors (MMTs)
Synonyms
- Malignant nonmeningothelial tumors
Definitions
- Nonmeningotheliomatous MMTs
- Histologically correspond to extracranial tumors of soft tissue or bone
- Most are sarcomas
- Angiosarcoma (ANGIO), chondrosarcoma (CHON), fibrosarcoma (FIBRO)
- Osteosarcoma (OSTEO), rhabdomyosarcoma (RHAB)
- Meningeal sarcoma (MENSARC), Ewing sarcoma (EWING), etc.
- Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
- Nonmeningotheliomatous MMTs
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Flaman AN et al: Soft tissue special issue: chondroid neoplasms of the skull. Head Neck Pathol. 14(1):83-96, 2020
- Luo Z et al: CT and MRI features of calvarium and skull base osteosarcoma (CSBO). Br J Radiol. 93(1105):20190653, 2020
- Luo Z et al: Head and neck osteosarcoma: CT and MR imaging features. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 49(2):20190202, 2020
- Pons Escoda A et al: Imaging of skull vault tumors in adults. Insights Imaging. 11(1):23, 2020
- Li L et al: Radiomic analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Eur J Radiol. 118:81-7, 2019
- Tallegas M et al: IDH mutation status in a series of 88 head and neck chondrosarcomas: different profile between tumors of the skull base and tumors involving the facial skeleton and the laryngotracheal tract. Hum Pathol. 84:183-91, 2019
- Guo Z et al: Osteosarcoma of the skull base: an analysis of 19 cases and literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 44:133-42, 2017
- Kitamura Y et al: Genetic aberrations and molecular biology of skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 34(2):78-90, 2017
- Nair P et al: Calvarial Ewing's sarcoma, a rare childhood tumor: report and a review of literature. Neurol India. 65(4):904-6, 2017
