Chronic degenerative calcification of fibrous mitral valve annulus
May develop caseous necrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
O'Neal WT et al: Mitral annular calcification progression and the risk of atrial fibrillation: results from MESA. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 19(3):279-284, 2018
Dingli P et al: Caseous mitral annular calcification mimicking a lung tumor on chest X-ray. J Family Med Prim Care. 6(2):442-444, 2017
Chan V et al: Impact of mitral annular calcification on early and late outcomes following mitral valve repair of myxomatous degeneration. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 17(1):120-5, 2013
Higgins J et al: Cardiac computed tomography facilitates operative planning in patients with mitral calcification. Ann Thorac Surg. 95(1):e9-11, 2013
Okada Y: Surgical management of mitral annular calcification. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Epub ahead of print, 2013
Eller P et al: Impact of ENPP1 genotype on arterial calcification in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 23(1):321-7, 2008
d'Alessandro C et al: Mitral annulus calcification: determinants of repair feasibility, early and late surgical outcome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 32(4):596-603, 2007
Lubarsky L et al: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus by 64-detector-row computed tomographic coronary angiography: a rare intracardiac mass. Circulation. 116(5):e114-5, 2007
Poh KK et al: Prominent posterior mitral annular calcification causing embolic stroke and mimicking left atrial fibroma. Eur Heart J. 28(18):2216, 2007
Sharma R et al: Mitral annular calcification predicts mortality and coronary artery disease in end stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis. 191(2):348-54, 2007
Cury RC et al: Epidemiology and association of vascular and valvular calcium quantified by multidetector computed tomography in elderly asymptomatic subjects. Am J Cardiol. 94(3):348-51, 2004
Atar S et al: Mitral annular calcification: a marker of severe coronary artery disease in patients under 65 years old. Heart. 89(2):161-4, 2003
Fox CS et al: Mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 107(11):1492-6, 2003
Adler Y et al: Mitral annulus calcification--a window to diffuse atherosclerosis of the vascular system. Atherosclerosis. 155(1):1-8, 2001
Harpaz D et al: Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: a neglected, unrecognized diagnosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 14(8):825-31, 2001
Carpentier AF et al: Extensive calcification of the mitral valve anulus: pathology and surgical management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 111(4):718-29; discussion 729-30, 1996
Maher ER et al: Aortic and mitral valve calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease. Lancet. 2(8564):875-7, 1987
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Mitral annular calcification (MAC)
Synonyms
Annular mitral valve calcification
Definitions
Chronic degenerative calcification of fibrous mitral valve annulus
May develop caseous necrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
O'Neal WT et al: Mitral annular calcification progression and the risk of atrial fibrillation: results from MESA. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 19(3):279-284, 2018
Dingli P et al: Caseous mitral annular calcification mimicking a lung tumor on chest X-ray. J Family Med Prim Care. 6(2):442-444, 2017
Chan V et al: Impact of mitral annular calcification on early and late outcomes following mitral valve repair of myxomatous degeneration. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 17(1):120-5, 2013
Higgins J et al: Cardiac computed tomography facilitates operative planning in patients with mitral calcification. Ann Thorac Surg. 95(1):e9-11, 2013
Okada Y: Surgical management of mitral annular calcification. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Epub ahead of print, 2013
Eller P et al: Impact of ENPP1 genotype on arterial calcification in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 23(1):321-7, 2008
d'Alessandro C et al: Mitral annulus calcification: determinants of repair feasibility, early and late surgical outcome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 32(4):596-603, 2007
Lubarsky L et al: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus by 64-detector-row computed tomographic coronary angiography: a rare intracardiac mass. Circulation. 116(5):e114-5, 2007
Poh KK et al: Prominent posterior mitral annular calcification causing embolic stroke and mimicking left atrial fibroma. Eur Heart J. 28(18):2216, 2007
Sharma R et al: Mitral annular calcification predicts mortality and coronary artery disease in end stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis. 191(2):348-54, 2007
Cury RC et al: Epidemiology and association of vascular and valvular calcium quantified by multidetector computed tomography in elderly asymptomatic subjects. Am J Cardiol. 94(3):348-51, 2004
Atar S et al: Mitral annular calcification: a marker of severe coronary artery disease in patients under 65 years old. Heart. 89(2):161-4, 2003
Fox CS et al: Mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 107(11):1492-6, 2003
Adler Y et al: Mitral annulus calcification--a window to diffuse atherosclerosis of the vascular system. Atherosclerosis. 155(1):1-8, 2001
Harpaz D et al: Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: a neglected, unrecognized diagnosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 14(8):825-31, 2001
Carpentier AF et al: Extensive calcification of the mitral valve anulus: pathology and surgical management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 111(4):718-29; discussion 729-30, 1996
Maher ER et al: Aortic and mitral valve calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease. Lancet. 2(8564):875-7, 1987
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