MR: Incomplete closure of mitral valve (MV) during systole resulting in retrograde blood flow into left atrium (LA)
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP): Systolic movement of valve leaflet into LA > 2 mm beyond annulus
Flail leaflet: Eversion of mitral valve leaflet tip into LA
Usually caused by ruptured chordae
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Uretsky S et al: Use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in assessing mitral regurgitation: Current evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 71(5):547-563, 2018
Doherty JU et al: ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 70(13):1647-1672, 2017
Nishimura RA et al: 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 135(25):e1159-e1195, 2017
Myerson SG et al: Determination of Clinical Outcome in Mitral Regurgitation With Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Quantification. Circulation. 133(23):2287-96, 2016
Uretsky S et al: Discordance between echocardiography and MRI in the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity: a prospective multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 65(11):1078-88, 2015
ACC/AHA et al: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 114(5):e84-231; 2006. Review. Erratum in: Circulation. 115(15):e409, 2007. Circulation. 121(23):e443, 2010
Enriquez-Sarano M et al: Mitral regurgitation. Lancet. 373(9672):1382-94, 2009
Alkadhi H et al: Mitral regurgitation: quantification with 16-detector row CT--initial experience. Radiology. 238(2):454-63, 2006
Boudoulas H et al: Mitral valvular regurgitation : etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations. Herz. 31(1):6-13, 2006
Westenberg JJ et al: Accurate quantitation of regurgitant volume with MRI in patients selected for mitral valve repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 27(3):462-6; discussion 467, 2005
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2001
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Mitral regurgitation (MR)
Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV)
Synonyms
Mitral insufficiency
Definitions
MR: Incomplete closure of mitral valve (MV) during systole resulting in retrograde blood flow into left atrium (LA)
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP): Systolic movement of valve leaflet into LA > 2 mm beyond annulus
Flail leaflet: Eversion of mitral valve leaflet tip into LA
Usually caused by ruptured chordae
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Uretsky S et al: Use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in assessing mitral regurgitation: Current evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 71(5):547-563, 2018
Doherty JU et al: ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 70(13):1647-1672, 2017
Nishimura RA et al: 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 135(25):e1159-e1195, 2017
Myerson SG et al: Determination of Clinical Outcome in Mitral Regurgitation With Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Quantification. Circulation. 133(23):2287-96, 2016
Uretsky S et al: Discordance between echocardiography and MRI in the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity: a prospective multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 65(11):1078-88, 2015
ACC/AHA et al: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 114(5):e84-231; 2006. Review. Erratum in: Circulation. 115(15):e409, 2007. Circulation. 121(23):e443, 2010
Enriquez-Sarano M et al: Mitral regurgitation. Lancet. 373(9672):1382-94, 2009
Alkadhi H et al: Mitral regurgitation: quantification with 16-detector row CT--initial experience. Radiology. 238(2):454-63, 2006
Boudoulas H et al: Mitral valvular regurgitation : etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations. Herz. 31(1):6-13, 2006
Westenberg JJ et al: Accurate quantitation of regurgitant volume with MRI in patients selected for mitral valve repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 27(3):462-6; discussion 467, 2005
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2001
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