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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Abnormal penetration of placental tissue beyond endometrial lining of uterus
- 3 stages identified on histopathology
- 75-80% placenta accreta: Placenta attached to myometrium without muscular invasion
- 15% placenta increta: Chorionic villi (CV) invade myometrium
- 5% placenta percreta: CV penetrate serosa ± invade adjacent structures
- May invade bladder, rectum, and parametrium
- 3 stages identified on histopathology
- Clinically similar and imaging cannot differentiate, therefore newer terms used to describe spectrum include
- Morbidly adherent placentation (MAP), placental adhesive disorders, abnormally invasive placenta
- Abnormal penetration of placental tissue beyond endometrial lining of uterus
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Rac MW et al: Sonographic Findings of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in the First Trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 35(2):263-9, 2016
- Bailit JL et al: Morbidly adherent placenta treatments and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):683-9, 2015
- Collins SL et al: Proposal for standardised ultrasound descriptors of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. ePub, 2015
- D'Antonio F et al: Counseling in fetal medicine: evidence based answer to clinical questions on morbidly adherent placenta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. ePub, 2015
- Gilboa Y et al: A novel sonographic scoring system for antenatal risk assessment of obstetric complications in suspected morbidly adherent placenta. J Ultrasound Med. 34(4):561-7, 2015
- Rahaim NS et al: The MRI features of placental adhesion disorder and their diagnostic significance: systematic review. Clin Radiol. 70(9):917-25, 2015
- Silver RM et al: Center of excellence for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 212(5):561-8, 2015
- Teixidor Viñas M et al: Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy in patients with morbidly adherent placenta: a cohort study comparing outcomes before and after introduction of the Triple-P procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(3):350-5, 2015
- Bowman ZS et al: Risk factors for placenta accreta: a large prospective cohort. Am J Perinatol. 31(9):799-804, 2014
- Bowman ZS et al: Risk factors for unscheduled delivery in patients with placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 210(3):241.e1-6, 2014
- D'Antonio F et al: Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 44(1):8-16, 2014
- Abuhamad A: Morbidly adherent placenta. Semin Perinatol. 37(5):359-64, 2013
- D'Antonio F et al: Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using ultrasound: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(5):509-17, 2013
- Hoffman MS et al: Morbidity associated with nonemergent hysterectomy for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 202(6):628, 2010
- Robinson BK et al: Effectiveness of timing strategies for delivery of individuals with placenta previa and accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 116(4):835-42, 2010
- Sivan E et al: Prophylactic pelvic artery catheterization and embolization in women with placenta accreta: can it prevent cesarean hysterectomy? Am J Perinatol. 27(6):455-61, 2010
- Warshak CR et al: Effect of predelivery diagnosis in 99 consecutive cases of placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 115(1):65-9, 2010
- Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of the placenta: a multimodality pictorial review. Radiographics. 29(5):1371-91, 2009
- Merz W et al: Diagnosis, treatment and application of color Doppler in conservative management of abnormally adherent placenta. Ultraschall Med. 30(6):571-6, 2009
- Baughman WC et al: Placenta accreta: spectrum of US and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 28(7):1905-16, 2008
- Dwyer BK et al: Prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: sonography or magnetic resonance imaging? J Ultrasound Med. 27(9):1275-81, 2008
- Masselli G et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of placental adhesive disorders: correlation with color Doppler ultrasound. Eur Radiol. 18(6):1292-9, 2008
- Wong HS et al: Evaluation of sonographic diagnostic criteria for placenta accreta. J Clin Ultrasound. 36(9):551-9, 2008
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Abnormal penetration of placental tissue beyond endometrial lining of uterus
- 3 stages identified on histopathology
- 75-80% placenta accreta: Placenta attached to myometrium without muscular invasion
- 15% placenta increta: Chorionic villi (CV) invade myometrium
- 5% placenta percreta: CV penetrate serosa ± invade adjacent structures
- May invade bladder, rectum, and parametrium
- 3 stages identified on histopathology
- Clinically similar and imaging cannot differentiate, therefore newer terms used to describe spectrum include
- Morbidly adherent placentation (MAP), placental adhesive disorders, abnormally invasive placenta
- Abnormal penetration of placental tissue beyond endometrial lining of uterus
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Rac MW et al: Sonographic Findings of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in the First Trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 35(2):263-9, 2016
- Bailit JL et al: Morbidly adherent placenta treatments and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):683-9, 2015
- Collins SL et al: Proposal for standardised ultrasound descriptors of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. ePub, 2015
- D'Antonio F et al: Counseling in fetal medicine: evidence based answer to clinical questions on morbidly adherent placenta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. ePub, 2015
- Gilboa Y et al: A novel sonographic scoring system for antenatal risk assessment of obstetric complications in suspected morbidly adherent placenta. J Ultrasound Med. 34(4):561-7, 2015
- Rahaim NS et al: The MRI features of placental adhesion disorder and their diagnostic significance: systematic review. Clin Radiol. 70(9):917-25, 2015
- Silver RM et al: Center of excellence for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 212(5):561-8, 2015
- Teixidor Viñas M et al: Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy in patients with morbidly adherent placenta: a cohort study comparing outcomes before and after introduction of the Triple-P procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(3):350-5, 2015
- Bowman ZS et al: Risk factors for placenta accreta: a large prospective cohort. Am J Perinatol. 31(9):799-804, 2014
- Bowman ZS et al: Risk factors for unscheduled delivery in patients with placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 210(3):241.e1-6, 2014
- D'Antonio F et al: Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 44(1):8-16, 2014
- Abuhamad A: Morbidly adherent placenta. Semin Perinatol. 37(5):359-64, 2013
- D'Antonio F et al: Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using ultrasound: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(5):509-17, 2013
- Hoffman MS et al: Morbidity associated with nonemergent hysterectomy for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 202(6):628, 2010
- Robinson BK et al: Effectiveness of timing strategies for delivery of individuals with placenta previa and accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 116(4):835-42, 2010
- Sivan E et al: Prophylactic pelvic artery catheterization and embolization in women with placenta accreta: can it prevent cesarean hysterectomy? Am J Perinatol. 27(6):455-61, 2010
- Warshak CR et al: Effect of predelivery diagnosis in 99 consecutive cases of placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 115(1):65-9, 2010
- Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of the placenta: a multimodality pictorial review. Radiographics. 29(5):1371-91, 2009
- Merz W et al: Diagnosis, treatment and application of color Doppler in conservative management of abnormally adherent placenta. Ultraschall Med. 30(6):571-6, 2009
- Baughman WC et al: Placenta accreta: spectrum of US and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 28(7):1905-16, 2008
- Dwyer BK et al: Prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: sonography or magnetic resonance imaging? J Ultrasound Med. 27(9):1275-81, 2008
- Masselli G et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of placental adhesive disorders: correlation with color Doppler ultrasound. Eur Radiol. 18(6):1292-9, 2008
- Wong HS et al: Evaluation of sonographic diagnostic criteria for placenta accreta. J Clin Ultrasound. 36(9):551-9, 2008
