Disorder resulting in difficulty evacuating stool from rectum
Characterized by frequent visits to toilet, sensation of incomplete emptying of bowels, often with straining to defecate
Constipation
Describes symptom, not clinical sign, particularly subjective, which means different things to different people, such as bowel frequency, ease of defecation, stool size/consistency
Infrequent defecation
Usually defined as < 3 bowel movements per week
Frequently associated with slow-transit time; slow-transit constipation (STC)
Difficult evacuation
Straining at stool is considered abnormal if it occurs for > 25% of time spent in lavatory
MR Imaging
Technical Considerations
Abnormal Findings on Static MR Imaging
MR Defecography
Dynamic Cine MR During Maximum Straining
Correlation Between Dynamic & Static MR
Pathology
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
Clinical Issues
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Diagnostic Checklist
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Lalwani N et al: Imaging and clinical assessment of functional defecatory disorders with emphasis on defecography. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(4):1323-33, 2021
El Sayed RF: Integrated MR analytical approach and reporting of pelvic floor dysfunction: current implications and new horizons. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(2):305-27, 2020
Sanchez MI et al: Epidemiology and burden of chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 25 Suppl B:11B-5B, 2011
Belsey J et al: Systematic review: impact of constipation on quality of life in adults and children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 31(9):938-49, 2010
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
MR Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Obstructed defecation (OBD)
Synonyms
Outlet obstruction, OBD syndrome
Definitions
OBD
Disorder resulting in difficulty evacuating stool from rectum
Characterized by frequent visits to toilet, sensation of incomplete emptying of bowels, often with straining to defecate
Constipation
Describes symptom, not clinical sign, particularly subjective, which means different things to different people, such as bowel frequency, ease of defecation, stool size/consistency
Infrequent defecation
Usually defined as < 3 bowel movements per week
Frequently associated with slow-transit time; slow-transit constipation (STC)
Difficult evacuation
Straining at stool is considered abnormal if it occurs for > 25% of time spent in lavatory
MR Imaging
Technical Considerations
Abnormal Findings on Static MR Imaging
MR Defecography
Dynamic Cine MR During Maximum Straining
Correlation Between Dynamic & Static MR
Pathology
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
Clinical Issues
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Diagnostic Checklist
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Lalwani N et al: Imaging and clinical assessment of functional defecatory disorders with emphasis on defecography. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(4):1323-33, 2021
El Sayed RF: Integrated MR analytical approach and reporting of pelvic floor dysfunction: current implications and new horizons. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(2):305-27, 2020
Sanchez MI et al: Epidemiology and burden of chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 25 Suppl B:11B-5B, 2011
Belsey J et al: Systematic review: impact of constipation on quality of life in adults and children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 31(9):938-49, 2010
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