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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ)
- Intersesamoid ligament (ISL)
- Metatarsosesamoid ligament (MTSL)
- Sesamoidophalangeal ligament (SPL)
Definitions
- Plantar plate: fibrocartilaginous thickening of plantar joint capsule in which sesamoids are embedded
- Plantar plate complex: plantar plate, sesamoids, supporting capsule, ligaments, and tendons
- Extensor expansion: fibrous thickening of dorsal joint capsule, passes around extensor hallucis longus tendon
- Turf toe: rupture of plantar plate due to hyperdorsiflexion
- Sand toe: rupture of dorsal joint capsule due to plantar flexion
- Skimboarder's toe: rupture of dorsal joint capsule due to hyperdorsiflexion
- Traumatic hallux valgus: rupture of medial collateral ligament (MCL)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Hallinan JTPD et al: High-resolution MRI of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: gross anatomy and injury characterization. Radiographics. 40(4):1107-24, 2020
- De Maeseneer M et al: MR imaging-anatomical correlation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux: ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Eur J Radiol. 106:14-9, 2018
- Nery C et al: MR Imaging of the plantar plate: normal anatomy, turf toe, and other injuries. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 25(1):127-44, 2017
- Mason LW et al: Turf toe and disorders of the sesamoid complex. Clin Sports Med. 34(4):725-39, 2015
- Linklater JM: Imaging of sports injuries in the foot. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(3):500-8, 2012
- Crain JM et al: MR imaging of turf toe. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 16(1):93-103, vi, 2008
- Donnelly LF et al: Skimboarder's toe: findings on high-field MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1481-5, 2005
- Ashman CJ et al: Forefoot pain involving the metatarsal region: differential diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiographics. 21(6):1425-40, 2001
- Watson TS et al: Periarticular injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint in athletes. Foot Ankle Clin. 5(3):687-713, 2000
- Frey C et al: Plantarflexion injury to the metatarsophalangeal joint ("sand toe"). Foot Ankle Int. 17(9):576-81, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ)
- Intersesamoid ligament (ISL)
- Metatarsosesamoid ligament (MTSL)
- Sesamoidophalangeal ligament (SPL)
Definitions
- Plantar plate: fibrocartilaginous thickening of plantar joint capsule in which sesamoids are embedded
- Plantar plate complex: plantar plate, sesamoids, supporting capsule, ligaments, and tendons
- Extensor expansion: fibrous thickening of dorsal joint capsule, passes around extensor hallucis longus tendon
- Turf toe: rupture of plantar plate due to hyperdorsiflexion
- Sand toe: rupture of dorsal joint capsule due to plantar flexion
- Skimboarder's toe: rupture of dorsal joint capsule due to hyperdorsiflexion
- Traumatic hallux valgus: rupture of medial collateral ligament (MCL)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Hallinan JTPD et al: High-resolution MRI of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: gross anatomy and injury characterization. Radiographics. 40(4):1107-24, 2020
- De Maeseneer M et al: MR imaging-anatomical correlation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux: ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Eur J Radiol. 106:14-9, 2018
- Nery C et al: MR Imaging of the plantar plate: normal anatomy, turf toe, and other injuries. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 25(1):127-44, 2017
- Mason LW et al: Turf toe and disorders of the sesamoid complex. Clin Sports Med. 34(4):725-39, 2015
- Linklater JM: Imaging of sports injuries in the foot. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(3):500-8, 2012
- Crain JM et al: MR imaging of turf toe. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 16(1):93-103, vi, 2008
- Donnelly LF et al: Skimboarder's toe: findings on high-field MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1481-5, 2005
- Ashman CJ et al: Forefoot pain involving the metatarsal region: differential diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiographics. 21(6):1425-40, 2001
- Watson TS et al: Periarticular injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint in athletes. Foot Ankle Clin. 5(3):687-713, 2000
- Frey C et al: Plantarflexion injury to the metatarsophalangeal joint ("sand toe"). Foot Ankle Int. 17(9):576-81, 1996
