Infarcts in multiple arterial distributions from embolic source, often from cardiac origin or atherosclerotic carotid plaque
IMAGING
Imaging Anatomy
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Goebel J et al: Is histologic thrombus composition in acute stroke linked to stroke etiology or to interventional parameters? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(4):650-7, 2020
Maurer CJ et al: Endovascular thrombectomy of calcified emboli in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):464-8, 2020
Soize S et al: Fast stent retrieval improves recanalization rates of thrombectomy: experimental study on different thrombi. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(6):1049-53, 2020
MRI predicts intracranial hemorrhage in patients who receive long-term oral anticoagulation. Neurology. 93(10):465, 2019
Potter CA et al: CT for treatment selection in acute ischemic stroke: a code stroke primer. Radiographics. 39(6):1717-38, 2019
Chen Z et al: Prediction of the multisegment clot sign on dynamic CT angiography of cardioembolic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(4):663-8, 2018
Fonseca AC et al: Cryptogenic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 22(4):618-23, 2015
Hasegawa H et al: Emergent intracranial surgical embolectomy in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy for acute internal carotid artery terminus embolic occlusion and tandem occlusion of the cervical carotid artery due to plaque rupture. J Neurosurg. 1-9, 2015
Kim SK et al: Histologic analysis of retrieved clots in acute ischemic stroke: correlation with stroke etiology and gradient-echo MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1756-62, 2015
Meila D et al: Subcallosal artery stroke: infarction of the fornix and the genu of the corpus callosum. The importance of the anterior communicating artery complex. Case series and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 57(1):41-7, 2015
Emiru T et al: Thrombolytic treatment for in-hospital ischemic strokes in United States. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 7(5):28-34, 2014
Müller H et al: Embolic and hemodynamic transcranial doppler characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to carotid occlusive disease: contribution to the different infarct patterns on MRI. J Neuroimaging. 25(5):766-75, 2014
Park KY et al: Incidence and risk factors for diffusion-weighted imaging (+) lesions after intracranial stenting and its relationship with symptomatic ischemic complications. Stroke. 45(11):3298-303, 2014
Saremi F et al: Paradoxical embolism: role of imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning. Radiographics. 34(6):1571-92, 2014
Abenza-Abildua MJ et al: Stroke due to septic embolism resulting from Aspergillus aortitis in an immunocompetent patient. J Neurol Sci. 284(1-2):209-10, 2009
Christian BA et al: Showered calcific emboli to the brain, the 'salted pretzel' sign, originating from the ipsilateral internal carotid artery causing acute cerebral infarction. Stroke. 40(5):e319-21, 2009
Emond H et al: From amaurosis fugax to asymptomatic bithalamic infarct. J Neurol. 256(6):1007-8, 2009
Iwanaga T et al: Paracentral strip infarcts of the middle cerebral artery: borderzone ischaemia or cortical artery occlusion? Cerebrovasc Dis. 27(3):215-22, 2009
Khetarpal V et al: Calcific aortic valve and spontaneous embolic stroke: A review of literature. J Neurol Sci. 287(1-2):32-5, 2009
Ralea IC et al: Acute stroke and heart attack management within a four-hour time window. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 18(2):167-70, 2009
Barber PA et al: Cerebral ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging are associated with neurocognitive decline after cardiac surgery. Stroke. 39(5):1427-33, 2008
Kang SY et al: Anterior cerebral artery infarction: stroke mechanism and clinical-imaging study in 100 patients. Neurology. 70(24 Pt 2):2386-93, 2008
Li Q et al: Repeated embolism and multiple aneurysms: central nervous system manifestations of cardiac myxoma. Eur J Neurol. 15(12):e112-3, 2008
Alfke K et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of individual cerebral perfusion territories improves the diagnosis of embolic stroke. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 31(6):894-5, 2007
Provenzale JM et al: Brain infarction in young adults: etiology and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(4):1161-8, 1997
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KEY FACTS
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Infarcts in multiple arterial distributions from embolic source, often from cardiac origin or atherosclerotic carotid plaque
IMAGING
Imaging Anatomy
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Goebel J et al: Is histologic thrombus composition in acute stroke linked to stroke etiology or to interventional parameters? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(4):650-7, 2020
Maurer CJ et al: Endovascular thrombectomy of calcified emboli in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):464-8, 2020
Soize S et al: Fast stent retrieval improves recanalization rates of thrombectomy: experimental study on different thrombi. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(6):1049-53, 2020
MRI predicts intracranial hemorrhage in patients who receive long-term oral anticoagulation. Neurology. 93(10):465, 2019
Potter CA et al: CT for treatment selection in acute ischemic stroke: a code stroke primer. Radiographics. 39(6):1717-38, 2019
Chen Z et al: Prediction of the multisegment clot sign on dynamic CT angiography of cardioembolic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(4):663-8, 2018
Fonseca AC et al: Cryptogenic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 22(4):618-23, 2015
Hasegawa H et al: Emergent intracranial surgical embolectomy in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy for acute internal carotid artery terminus embolic occlusion and tandem occlusion of the cervical carotid artery due to plaque rupture. J Neurosurg. 1-9, 2015
Kim SK et al: Histologic analysis of retrieved clots in acute ischemic stroke: correlation with stroke etiology and gradient-echo MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1756-62, 2015
Meila D et al: Subcallosal artery stroke: infarction of the fornix and the genu of the corpus callosum. The importance of the anterior communicating artery complex. Case series and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 57(1):41-7, 2015
Emiru T et al: Thrombolytic treatment for in-hospital ischemic strokes in United States. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 7(5):28-34, 2014
Müller H et al: Embolic and hemodynamic transcranial doppler characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to carotid occlusive disease: contribution to the different infarct patterns on MRI. J Neuroimaging. 25(5):766-75, 2014
Park KY et al: Incidence and risk factors for diffusion-weighted imaging (+) lesions after intracranial stenting and its relationship with symptomatic ischemic complications. Stroke. 45(11):3298-303, 2014
Saremi F et al: Paradoxical embolism: role of imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning. Radiographics. 34(6):1571-92, 2014
Abenza-Abildua MJ et al: Stroke due to septic embolism resulting from Aspergillus aortitis in an immunocompetent patient. J Neurol Sci. 284(1-2):209-10, 2009
Christian BA et al: Showered calcific emboli to the brain, the 'salted pretzel' sign, originating from the ipsilateral internal carotid artery causing acute cerebral infarction. Stroke. 40(5):e319-21, 2009
Emond H et al: From amaurosis fugax to asymptomatic bithalamic infarct. J Neurol. 256(6):1007-8, 2009
Iwanaga T et al: Paracentral strip infarcts of the middle cerebral artery: borderzone ischaemia or cortical artery occlusion? Cerebrovasc Dis. 27(3):215-22, 2009
Khetarpal V et al: Calcific aortic valve and spontaneous embolic stroke: A review of literature. J Neurol Sci. 287(1-2):32-5, 2009
Ralea IC et al: Acute stroke and heart attack management within a four-hour time window. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 18(2):167-70, 2009
Barber PA et al: Cerebral ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging are associated with neurocognitive decline after cardiac surgery. Stroke. 39(5):1427-33, 2008
Kang SY et al: Anterior cerebral artery infarction: stroke mechanism and clinical-imaging study in 100 patients. Neurology. 70(24 Pt 2):2386-93, 2008
Li Q et al: Repeated embolism and multiple aneurysms: central nervous system manifestations of cardiac myxoma. Eur J Neurol. 15(12):e112-3, 2008
Alfke K et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of individual cerebral perfusion territories improves the diagnosis of embolic stroke. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 31(6):894-5, 2007