To access 4,300 diagnoses written by the world's leading experts in radiology, please log in or subscribe.Log inSubscribe
1
17
32
17
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Definitions
Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
PET With Translocator Protein Radioligands
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gaitán MI et al: SWAN-Venule: an optimized MRI technique to detect the central vein sign in MS plaques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):456-60, 2020
Sastre-Garriga J et al: MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice. Nat Rev Neurol. 16(3):171-82, 2020
do Amaral LLF et al: Gadolinium-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging in multiple sclerosis: optimizing the recognition of active plaques for different mr imaging sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(4):614-9, 2019
Filippi M et al: Association between pathological and MRI findings in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 18(2):198-210, 2019
Hartung HP et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: revisions of the McDonald criteria 2017 - continuity and change. Curr Opin Neurol. 32(3):327-37, 2019
Maranzano J et al: Comparison of multiple sclerosis cortical lesion types detected by multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(7):1162-9, 2019
Suthiphosuwan S et al: The central vein sign in radiologically isolated syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(5):776-83, 2019
Zipp F et al: Implementing the 2017 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 15(8):441-5, 2019
Filippi M et al: MRI in multiple sclerosis: what is changing? Curr Opin Neurol. 31(4):386-95, 2018
Inglese M et al: MRI in multiple sclerosis: clinical and research update. Curr Opin Neurol. 31(3):249-55, 2018
Thompson AJ et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 17(2):162-73, 2018
Castellaro M et al: Heterogeneity of cortical lesion susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(6):1087-95, 2017
Filippi M et al: MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines. Lancet Neurol. 15(3):292-303, 2016
Roosendaal SD et al: Imaging phenotypes in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(1):83-96, 2015
Aliaga ES et al: MRI mimics of multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 122:291-316, 2014
Ciccarelli O et al: Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: insights from molecular and metabolic imaging. Lancet Neurol. 13(8):807-22, 2014
Fernandez O et al: Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: an update for 2014. Rev Neurol. 58(12):553-70, 2014
Hardy TA et al: Baló's concentric sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 13(7):740-6, 2014
Miller TR et al: Advances in multiple sclerosis and its variants: conventional and newer imaging techniques. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(2):321-36, 2014
Steenwijk MD et al: What explains gray matter atrophy in long-standing multiple sclerosis? Radiology. 272(3):832-42, 2014
Klawiter EC: Current and new directions in MRI in multiple sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 19(4 Multiple Sclerosis):1058-73, 2013
Polman CH et al: Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 69(2):292-302, 2011
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Definitions
Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
PET With Translocator Protein Radioligands
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gaitán MI et al: SWAN-Venule: an optimized MRI technique to detect the central vein sign in MS plaques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):456-60, 2020
Sastre-Garriga J et al: MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice. Nat Rev Neurol. 16(3):171-82, 2020
do Amaral LLF et al: Gadolinium-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging in multiple sclerosis: optimizing the recognition of active plaques for different mr imaging sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(4):614-9, 2019
Filippi M et al: Association between pathological and MRI findings in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 18(2):198-210, 2019
Hartung HP et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: revisions of the McDonald criteria 2017 - continuity and change. Curr Opin Neurol. 32(3):327-37, 2019
Maranzano J et al: Comparison of multiple sclerosis cortical lesion types detected by multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(7):1162-9, 2019
Suthiphosuwan S et al: The central vein sign in radiologically isolated syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(5):776-83, 2019
Zipp F et al: Implementing the 2017 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 15(8):441-5, 2019
Filippi M et al: MRI in multiple sclerosis: what is changing? Curr Opin Neurol. 31(4):386-95, 2018
Inglese M et al: MRI in multiple sclerosis: clinical and research update. Curr Opin Neurol. 31(3):249-55, 2018
Thompson AJ et al: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 17(2):162-73, 2018
Castellaro M et al: Heterogeneity of cortical lesion susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(6):1087-95, 2017
Filippi M et al: MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines. Lancet Neurol. 15(3):292-303, 2016
Roosendaal SD et al: Imaging phenotypes in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(1):83-96, 2015
Aliaga ES et al: MRI mimics of multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 122:291-316, 2014
Ciccarelli O et al: Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: insights from molecular and metabolic imaging. Lancet Neurol. 13(8):807-22, 2014
Fernandez O et al: Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: an update for 2014. Rev Neurol. 58(12):553-70, 2014
Hardy TA et al: Baló's concentric sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 13(7):740-6, 2014
Miller TR et al: Advances in multiple sclerosis and its variants: conventional and newer imaging techniques. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(2):321-36, 2014
Steenwijk MD et al: What explains gray matter atrophy in long-standing multiple sclerosis? Radiology. 272(3):832-42, 2014
Klawiter EC: Current and new directions in MRI in multiple sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 19(4 Multiple Sclerosis):1058-73, 2013
Polman CH et al: Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 69(2):292-302, 2011
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.