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Pediatrics
Diagnosis
Cardiac
Cardiomyopathies
Myocarditis
Myocarditis
Randy R. Richardson, MD; Ryan A. Moore, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Inflammation of myocardium with edema, hyperemia, & fibrosis, often leading to cardiac dysfunction & pericardial effusion
              • Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific

          IMAGING

          • Radiographic Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Echocardiographic Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Microscopic Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Treatment

                            Selected References

                            1. Gottlieb M et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 49:148-52, 2021
                            2. Liguori C et al: Myocarditis: imaging up to date. Radiol Med. 125(11):1124-34, 2020
                            3. McMurray JC et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a post-viral myocarditis and systemic vasculitis-a critical review of its pathogenesis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 8:626182, 2020
                            4. Bière L et al: Imaging of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 112(10):630-41, 2019
                            5. Dasgupta S et al: Myocarditis in the pediatric population: a review. Congenit Heart Dis. 14(5):868-77, 2019
                            6. O'Connor MJ: Imaging the itis: endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Curr Opin Cardiol. 34(1):57-64, 2019
                            7. Ferreira VM et al: Native T1-mapping detects the location, extent and patterns of acute myocarditis without the need for gadolinium contrast agents. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 16:36, 2014
                            8. Friedrich MG et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of myocarditis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 6(5):833-9, 2013
                            9. Friedrich MG et al: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC white paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 53(17):1475-87, 2009
                            10. Gagliardi MG et al: Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of acute myocarditis in infants and children, and comparison with endomyocardial biopsy. Am J Cardiol. 68(10):1089-91, 1991
                            Related Anatomy
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                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                            References
                            Tables

                            Tables

                            KEY FACTS

                            • Imaging

                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                • Pathology

                                  • Clinical Issues

                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                    • Definitions

                                      • Inflammation of myocardium with edema, hyperemia, & fibrosis, often leading to cardiac dysfunction & pericardial effusion
                                        • Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific

                                    IMAGING

                                    • Radiographic Findings

                                      • MR Findings

                                        • Echocardiographic Findings

                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                              PATHOLOGY

                                              • General Features

                                                • Microscopic Features

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Treatment

                                                      Selected References

                                                      1. Gottlieb M et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 49:148-52, 2021
                                                      2. Liguori C et al: Myocarditis: imaging up to date. Radiol Med. 125(11):1124-34, 2020
                                                      3. McMurray JC et al: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a post-viral myocarditis and systemic vasculitis-a critical review of its pathogenesis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 8:626182, 2020
                                                      4. Bière L et al: Imaging of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 112(10):630-41, 2019
                                                      5. Dasgupta S et al: Myocarditis in the pediatric population: a review. Congenit Heart Dis. 14(5):868-77, 2019
                                                      6. O'Connor MJ: Imaging the itis: endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Curr Opin Cardiol. 34(1):57-64, 2019
                                                      7. Ferreira VM et al: Native T1-mapping detects the location, extent and patterns of acute myocarditis without the need for gadolinium contrast agents. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 16:36, 2014
                                                      8. Friedrich MG et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of myocarditis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 6(5):833-9, 2013
                                                      9. Friedrich MG et al: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC white paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 53(17):1475-87, 2009
                                                      10. Gagliardi MG et al: Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of acute myocarditis in infants and children, and comparison with endomyocardial biopsy. Am J Cardiol. 68(10):1089-91, 1991