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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Myxopapillary ependymoma (ME)
Definitions
- Slow-growing glioma arising from ependymal cells of filum terminale
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Abdallah A et al: Long-term surgical resection outcomes of pediatric myxopapillary ependymoma: experience of two centers and brief literature review. World Neurosurg. 136:e245-61, 2020
- Khalid SI et al: Pediatric spinal ependymomas: an epidemiologic study. World Neurosurg. 115:e119-28, 2018
- Kraetzig T et al: Metastases of spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: unique characteristics and clinical management. J Neurosurg Spine. 28(2):201-8, 2018
- Rogers S et al: Unusual paediatric spinal myxopapillary ependymomas: unique molecular entities or pathological variations on a theme? J Clin Neurosci. 50:144-8, 2018
- Khan NR et al: Primary seeding of myxopapillary ependymoma: different disease in adult population? Case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 99:812.e21-6, 2017
- Rootman MS et al: Preferential sites of metastatic relapse on MRI of initially localized ependymoma in children. Clin Imaging. 44:12-5, 2017
- Lucchesi KM et al: Primary spinal myxopapillary ependymoma in the pediatric population: a study from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. J Neurooncol. 130(1):133-40, 2016
- Rege SV et al: Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma with interval drop metastasis presenting as cauda equina syndrome: case report and review of literature. J Spine Surg. 2(3):216-21, 2016
- Cimino PJ et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma in children: a study of 11 cases and a comparison with the adult experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 61(11):1969-71, 2014
- Germans MR et al: Spinal axis imaging in non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol. 261(11):2199-203, 2014
- Lundar T et al: Pediatric spinal ependymomas: an unpredictable and puzzling disease. Long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of ten patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(12):2083-8, 2014
- McCormick PC: Microsurgical enbloc resection of myxopapillary cauda equina ependymoma. Neurosurg Focus. 37 Suppl 2:Video7, 2014
- Menzilcioglu MS et al: A rare case of extramedullary myxopapillary ependymoma. Spine J. 15(2):367, 2014
- Barton VN et al: Unique molecular characteristics of pediatric myxopapillary ependymoma. Brain Pathol. 20(3):560-70, 2010
- Nakamura M et al: Long-term surgical outcomes for myxopapillary ependymomas of the cauda equina. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(21):E756-60, 2009
- Sakai Y et al: Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: neurological deterioration in patients treated with surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(15):1619-24, 2009
- Akpolat N et al: Sacrococcygeal extraspinal ependymoma: a case report. Turk J Pediatr. 45(3):276-9, 2003
- Mahler-Araujo MB et al: Structural genomic abnormalities of chromosomes 9 and 18 in myxopapillary ependymomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 62(9):927-35, 2003
- Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
- Choi JY et al: Intracranial and spinal ependymomas: review of MR images in 61 patients. Korean J Radiol. 3(4):219-28, 2002
- Hanbali F et al: Spinal cord ependymoma: radical surgical resection and outcome. Neurosurgery. 51(5):1162-72; discussion 1172-4, 2002
- Bavbek M et al: Lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma mimicking neurofibroma. Spinal Cord. 39(8):449-52, 2001
- Wager M et al: Cauda equina tumors: a French multicenter retrospective review of 231 adult cases and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 23(3):119-29; discussion 130-1, 2000
- Wiestler OD et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma. In Kleihues P et al: Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 78-9, 2000
- Asazuma T et al: Ependymomas of the spinal cord and cauda equina: an analysis of 26 cases and a review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 37(11):753-9, 1999
- Chung JY et al: Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(2):344-6, 1999
- Rickert CH et al: Ependymoma of the cauda equina. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 141(7):781-2, 1999
- Friedman DP et al: Neuroradiology case of the day. Myxopapillary ependymoma of the conus medullaris or filum terminale resulting in superficial siderosis and dissemination of tumor along CSF pathways. Radiographics. 18(3):794-8, 1998
- Yamada CY et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 168(2):366, 1997
- Kahan H et al: MR characteristics of histopathologic subtypes of spinal ependymoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):143-50, 1996
- Kline MJ et al: Extradural myxopapillary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 16(5):813-22, 1996
- Wippold FJ 2nd et al: MR imaging of myxopapillary ependymoma: findings and value to determine extent of tumor and its relation to intraspinal structures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165(5):1263-7, 1995
- Parenti G et al: Primary cauda equina tumors. J Neurosurg Sci. 37(3):149-56, 1993
- Shen WC et al: Ependymoma of the cauda equina presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 14(2):399-400, 1993
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Myxopapillary ependymoma (ME)
Definitions
- Slow-growing glioma arising from ependymal cells of filum terminale
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Abdallah A et al: Long-term surgical resection outcomes of pediatric myxopapillary ependymoma: experience of two centers and brief literature review. World Neurosurg. 136:e245-61, 2020
- Khalid SI et al: Pediatric spinal ependymomas: an epidemiologic study. World Neurosurg. 115:e119-28, 2018
- Kraetzig T et al: Metastases of spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: unique characteristics and clinical management. J Neurosurg Spine. 28(2):201-8, 2018
- Rogers S et al: Unusual paediatric spinal myxopapillary ependymomas: unique molecular entities or pathological variations on a theme? J Clin Neurosci. 50:144-8, 2018
- Khan NR et al: Primary seeding of myxopapillary ependymoma: different disease in adult population? Case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 99:812.e21-6, 2017
- Rootman MS et al: Preferential sites of metastatic relapse on MRI of initially localized ependymoma in children. Clin Imaging. 44:12-5, 2017
- Lucchesi KM et al: Primary spinal myxopapillary ependymoma in the pediatric population: a study from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. J Neurooncol. 130(1):133-40, 2016
- Rege SV et al: Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma with interval drop metastasis presenting as cauda equina syndrome: case report and review of literature. J Spine Surg. 2(3):216-21, 2016
- Cimino PJ et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma in children: a study of 11 cases and a comparison with the adult experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 61(11):1969-71, 2014
- Germans MR et al: Spinal axis imaging in non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol. 261(11):2199-203, 2014
- Lundar T et al: Pediatric spinal ependymomas: an unpredictable and puzzling disease. Long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of ten patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(12):2083-8, 2014
- McCormick PC: Microsurgical enbloc resection of myxopapillary cauda equina ependymoma. Neurosurg Focus. 37 Suppl 2:Video7, 2014
- Menzilcioglu MS et al: A rare case of extramedullary myxopapillary ependymoma. Spine J. 15(2):367, 2014
- Barton VN et al: Unique molecular characteristics of pediatric myxopapillary ependymoma. Brain Pathol. 20(3):560-70, 2010
- Nakamura M et al: Long-term surgical outcomes for myxopapillary ependymomas of the cauda equina. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(21):E756-60, 2009
- Sakai Y et al: Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: neurological deterioration in patients treated with surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(15):1619-24, 2009
- Akpolat N et al: Sacrococcygeal extraspinal ependymoma: a case report. Turk J Pediatr. 45(3):276-9, 2003
- Mahler-Araujo MB et al: Structural genomic abnormalities of chromosomes 9 and 18 in myxopapillary ependymomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 62(9):927-35, 2003
- Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
- Choi JY et al: Intracranial and spinal ependymomas: review of MR images in 61 patients. Korean J Radiol. 3(4):219-28, 2002
- Hanbali F et al: Spinal cord ependymoma: radical surgical resection and outcome. Neurosurgery. 51(5):1162-72; discussion 1172-4, 2002
- Bavbek M et al: Lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma mimicking neurofibroma. Spinal Cord. 39(8):449-52, 2001
- Wager M et al: Cauda equina tumors: a French multicenter retrospective review of 231 adult cases and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 23(3):119-29; discussion 130-1, 2000
- Wiestler OD et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma. In Kleihues P et al: Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 78-9, 2000
- Asazuma T et al: Ependymomas of the spinal cord and cauda equina: an analysis of 26 cases and a review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 37(11):753-9, 1999
- Chung JY et al: Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(2):344-6, 1999
- Rickert CH et al: Ependymoma of the cauda equina. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 141(7):781-2, 1999
- Friedman DP et al: Neuroradiology case of the day. Myxopapillary ependymoma of the conus medullaris or filum terminale resulting in superficial siderosis and dissemination of tumor along CSF pathways. Radiographics. 18(3):794-8, 1998
- Yamada CY et al: Myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 168(2):366, 1997
- Kahan H et al: MR characteristics of histopathologic subtypes of spinal ependymoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):143-50, 1996
- Kline MJ et al: Extradural myxopapillary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 16(5):813-22, 1996
- Wippold FJ 2nd et al: MR imaging of myxopapillary ependymoma: findings and value to determine extent of tumor and its relation to intraspinal structures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165(5):1263-7, 1995
- Parenti G et al: Primary cauda equina tumors. J Neurosurg Sci. 37(3):149-56, 1993
- Shen WC et al: Ependymoma of the cauda equina presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 14(2):399-400, 1993
