Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCa)
Synonyms
- Lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated nonkeratinizing subtype)
Definitions
- Primary mucosal malignancy arising in nasopharynx, most strongly associated with EBV infection
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Almomani MH et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, Lymphoepithelioma). StatPearls, 2021
- Chen YP et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 394(10192):64-80, 2019
- Guo R et al: The evolution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging. Br J Radiol. 92(1102):20190244, 2019
- Perri F et al: Management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current perspectives. Onco Targets Ther. 12:1583-91, 2019
- Amin MB. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer, 2017
- King AD et al: Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared with endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy based on long-term follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(12):2380-5, 2015
- Lan M et al: Prognostic value of cervical nodal necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of 1800 patients with positive cervical nodal metastasis at MR imaging. Radiology. 276(2):536-44, 2015
- Lee AW et al: Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current practice and future perspective. J Clin Oncol. 33(29):3356-64, 2015
- Zhang GY et al: Prognostic value of grading masticator space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to MR imaging findings. Radiology. 273(1):136-43, 2014
- Chan AT: Current treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 47 Suppl 3:S302-3, 2011
- Roy C et al: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx: an extremely rare variety of tumour of nasopharynx. J Indian Med Assoc. 109(5):343-4, 2011
- Xie CM et al: Computed tomographic findings of skull base bony changes after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: implications for local recurrence. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 40(4):300-10, 2011
- Marcus KJ et al: Head and neck carcinomas across the age spectrum: epidemiology, therapy, and late effects. Semin Radiat Oncol. 20(1):52-7, 2010
- Maxwell JH et al: HPV-positive/p16-positive/EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma in white North Americans. Head Neck. 32(5):562-7, 2010
- Chan AT et al: Nasopharyngeal cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 20 Suppl 4:123-5, 2009
- Yu WM et al: Incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese immigrants, compared with Chinese in China and South East Asia: review. J Laryngol Otol. 123(10):1067-74, 2009
- Chong VF et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Radiol. 66(3):437-47, 2008
- Forastiere AA: Chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer. J Surg Oncol. 97(8):701-7, 2008
- Liu T et al: FDG-PET, CT, MRI for diagnosis of local residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which one is the best? A systematic review. Radiother Oncol. 85(3):327-35, 2007
- Stambuk HE et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: recognizing the radiographic features in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(6):1575-9, 2005
- King AD et al: In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and nodal nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(3):484-90, 2004
- Roh JL et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skull base invasion: a necessity of staging subdivision. Am J Otolaryngol. 25(1):26-32, 2004
- Kim YI et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: posttreatment changes of imaging findings. Am J Otolaryngol. 24(4):224-30, 2003
- Lim LH et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients. Int J Clin Pract. 57(10):871-4, 2003
- Punwaney R et al: Human papillomavirus may be common within nasopharyngeal carcinoma of Caucasian Americans: investigation of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in eastern and western nasopharyngeal carcinoma using ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction. Head Neck. 21(1):21-9, 1999
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCa)
Synonyms
- Lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated nonkeratinizing subtype)
Definitions
- Primary mucosal malignancy arising in nasopharynx, most strongly associated with EBV infection
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Almomani MH et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, Lymphoepithelioma). StatPearls, 2021
- Chen YP et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 394(10192):64-80, 2019
- Guo R et al: The evolution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging. Br J Radiol. 92(1102):20190244, 2019
- Perri F et al: Management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current perspectives. Onco Targets Ther. 12:1583-91, 2019
- Amin MB. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer, 2017
- King AD et al: Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared with endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy based on long-term follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(12):2380-5, 2015
- Lan M et al: Prognostic value of cervical nodal necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of 1800 patients with positive cervical nodal metastasis at MR imaging. Radiology. 276(2):536-44, 2015
- Lee AW et al: Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current practice and future perspective. J Clin Oncol. 33(29):3356-64, 2015
- Zhang GY et al: Prognostic value of grading masticator space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to MR imaging findings. Radiology. 273(1):136-43, 2014
- Chan AT: Current treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 47 Suppl 3:S302-3, 2011
- Roy C et al: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx: an extremely rare variety of tumour of nasopharynx. J Indian Med Assoc. 109(5):343-4, 2011
- Xie CM et al: Computed tomographic findings of skull base bony changes after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: implications for local recurrence. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 40(4):300-10, 2011
- Marcus KJ et al: Head and neck carcinomas across the age spectrum: epidemiology, therapy, and late effects. Semin Radiat Oncol. 20(1):52-7, 2010
- Maxwell JH et al: HPV-positive/p16-positive/EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma in white North Americans. Head Neck. 32(5):562-7, 2010
- Chan AT et al: Nasopharyngeal cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 20 Suppl 4:123-5, 2009
- Yu WM et al: Incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese immigrants, compared with Chinese in China and South East Asia: review. J Laryngol Otol. 123(10):1067-74, 2009
- Chong VF et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Radiol. 66(3):437-47, 2008
- Forastiere AA: Chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer. J Surg Oncol. 97(8):701-7, 2008
- Liu T et al: FDG-PET, CT, MRI for diagnosis of local residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which one is the best? A systematic review. Radiother Oncol. 85(3):327-35, 2007
- Stambuk HE et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: recognizing the radiographic features in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(6):1575-9, 2005
- King AD et al: In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and nodal nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(3):484-90, 2004
- Roh JL et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skull base invasion: a necessity of staging subdivision. Am J Otolaryngol. 25(1):26-32, 2004
- Kim YI et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: posttreatment changes of imaging findings. Am J Otolaryngol. 24(4):224-30, 2003
- Lim LH et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients. Int J Clin Pract. 57(10):871-4, 2003
- Punwaney R et al: Human papillomavirus may be common within nasopharyngeal carcinoma of Caucasian Americans: investigation of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in eastern and western nasopharyngeal carcinoma using ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction. Head Neck. 21(1):21-9, 1999
