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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Necrotizing fasciitis (NF): aggressive soft tissue infection of subcutis and deep fascia by toxin-producing organisms that spread rapidly and cause necrosis/liquefaction of muscle and fat
- Fournier gangrene: necrotizing fasciitis of perineum
- Ludwig angina: NF in submandibular region
- Deep fascia: peripheral deep fascia invests surface of muscles; intermuscular (IM) deep fascia between muscles
- Superficial fascia: within subcutis, about halfway from skin to muscles
IMAGING
General Features
Radiograph Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Alaia EF et al: MRI nomenclature for musculoskeletal infection. Skeletal Radiol. 50(12):2319-47, 2021
- Kim MC et al: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating necrotizing fasciitis from severe cellulitis: a magnetic resonance indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (MRINEC) Algorithm. J Clin Med. 9(9), 2020
- Palmer W et al: Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology. Skeletal Radiol. 49(Suppl 1):1-33, 2020
- Paz Maya S et al: Necrotizing fasciitis: an urgent diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(5):577-89, 2014
- Kim KT et al: Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging? Radiology. 259(3):816-24, 2011
- Edlich RF et al: Modern concepts of the diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis. J Emerg Med. 39(2):261-5, 2010
- Turecki MB et al: Imaging of musculoskeletal soft tissue infections. Skeletal Radiol. 39(10):957-71, 2010
- Seok JH et al: Necrotizing fasciitis versus pyomyositis: discrimination with using MR imaging. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):121-8, 2009
- Yu JS et al: MR imaging of urgent inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Emerg Radiol. 16(4):267-76, 2009
- Levenson RB et al: Fournier gangrene: role of imaging. Radiographics. 28(2):519-28, 2008
- Fayad LM et al: Musculoskeletal infection: role of CT in the emergency department. Radiographics. 27(6):1723-36, 2007
- Fugitt JB et al: Necrotizing fasciitis. Radiographics. 24(5):1472-6, 2004
- Jallali N: Necrotising fasciitis: its aetiology, diagnosis and management. J Wound Care. 12(8):297-300, 2003
- Arslan A et al: Necrotizing fasciitis: unreliable MRI findings in the preoperative diagnosis. Eur J Radiol. 36(3):139-43, 2000
- Brothers TE et al: Magnetic resonance imaging differentiates between necrotizing and non-necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity. J Am Coll Surg. 187(4):416-21, 1998
- Schmid MR et al: Differentiation of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis using MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):615-20, 1998
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References
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Necrotizing fasciitis (NF): aggressive soft tissue infection of subcutis and deep fascia by toxin-producing organisms that spread rapidly and cause necrosis/liquefaction of muscle and fat
- Fournier gangrene: necrotizing fasciitis of perineum
- Ludwig angina: NF in submandibular region
- Deep fascia: peripheral deep fascia invests surface of muscles; intermuscular (IM) deep fascia between muscles
- Superficial fascia: within subcutis, about halfway from skin to muscles
IMAGING
General Features
Radiograph Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Alaia EF et al: MRI nomenclature for musculoskeletal infection. Skeletal Radiol. 50(12):2319-47, 2021
- Kim MC et al: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating necrotizing fasciitis from severe cellulitis: a magnetic resonance indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (MRINEC) Algorithm. J Clin Med. 9(9), 2020
- Palmer W et al: Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology. Skeletal Radiol. 49(Suppl 1):1-33, 2020
- Paz Maya S et al: Necrotizing fasciitis: an urgent diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(5):577-89, 2014
- Kim KT et al: Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging? Radiology. 259(3):816-24, 2011
- Edlich RF et al: Modern concepts of the diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis. J Emerg Med. 39(2):261-5, 2010
- Turecki MB et al: Imaging of musculoskeletal soft tissue infections. Skeletal Radiol. 39(10):957-71, 2010
- Seok JH et al: Necrotizing fasciitis versus pyomyositis: discrimination with using MR imaging. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):121-8, 2009
- Yu JS et al: MR imaging of urgent inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Emerg Radiol. 16(4):267-76, 2009
- Levenson RB et al: Fournier gangrene: role of imaging. Radiographics. 28(2):519-28, 2008
- Fayad LM et al: Musculoskeletal infection: role of CT in the emergency department. Radiographics. 27(6):1723-36, 2007
- Fugitt JB et al: Necrotizing fasciitis. Radiographics. 24(5):1472-6, 2004
- Jallali N: Necrotising fasciitis: its aetiology, diagnosis and management. J Wound Care. 12(8):297-300, 2003
- Arslan A et al: Necrotizing fasciitis: unreliable MRI findings in the preoperative diagnosis. Eur J Radiol. 36(3):139-43, 2000
- Brothers TE et al: Magnetic resonance imaging differentiates between necrotizing and non-necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity. J Am Coll Surg. 187(4):416-21, 1998
- Schmid MR et al: Differentiation of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis using MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):615-20, 1998
