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Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis
Kevin R. Moore, MDMiral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBASurjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV), HSV type 1 (HSV-1), HSV type 2 (HSV-2)

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Consider

                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                              Selected References

                                              1. Akhtar LN et al: Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of herpes simplex virus 2 within the infected neonatal population. mSphere. 4(1), 2019
                                              2. Pinninti SG et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Semin Perinatol. e2(3):168-75, 2018
                                              3. Baquero-Artigao F: [Update on congenital and neonatal herpes infections: infection due to cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex.] Rev Neurol. 64(s03):S29-33, 2017
                                              4. James SH et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: epidemiology and treatment. Clin Perinatol. 42(1):47-59, viii, 2015
                                              5. Bajaj M et al: Clinical and neuroimaging findings in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. J Pediatr. 165(2):404-7.e1, 2014
                                              6. Pinninti SG et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatr Clin North Am. 60(2):351-65, 2013
                                              7. Vossough A et al: Imaging findings of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. Neuroradiology. 50(4):355-66, 2008
                                              8. Baskin HJ et al: Neuroimaging of herpesvirus infections in children. Pediatr Radiol. 37(10):949-63, 2007 
                                              9. Pelligra G et al: Brainstem involvement in neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. Pediatrics. 120(2):e442-6, 2007
                                              10. Dhawan A et al: resonance imaging findings in neonatal herpes encephalitis. J Paediatr Child Health. 42(12):824-6, 2006
                                              11. Frenkel LM: Simplex virus encephalitis. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):795-7. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 115(5):1454, 2005
                                              12. Silvia MT et al: Inflammatory white matter disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 52(4):1107-26, ix, 2005 
                                              13. Schleiss MR: Vertically transmitted herpesvirus infections. Herpes. 10(1):4-11, 2003
                                              Related Anatomy
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                                              Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                              References
                                              Tables

                                              Tables

                                              KEY FACTS

                                              • Terminology

                                                • Imaging

                                                  • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                    • Pathology

                                                      • Clinical Issues

                                                        • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                                          • Abbreviations

                                                            • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV), HSV type 1 (HSV-1), HSV type 2 (HSV-2)

                                                          IMAGING

                                                          • General Features

                                                            • CT Findings

                                                              • MR Findings

                                                                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                                  • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                      PATHOLOGY

                                                                      • General Features

                                                                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                            • Microscopic Features

                                                                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                              • Presentation

                                                                                • Demographics

                                                                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                    • Treatment

                                                                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                      • Consider

                                                                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                          Selected References

                                                                                          1. Akhtar LN et al: Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of herpes simplex virus 2 within the infected neonatal population. mSphere. 4(1), 2019
                                                                                          2. Pinninti SG et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Semin Perinatol. e2(3):168-75, 2018
                                                                                          3. Baquero-Artigao F: [Update on congenital and neonatal herpes infections: infection due to cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex.] Rev Neurol. 64(s03):S29-33, 2017
                                                                                          4. James SH et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: epidemiology and treatment. Clin Perinatol. 42(1):47-59, viii, 2015
                                                                                          5. Bajaj M et al: Clinical and neuroimaging findings in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. J Pediatr. 165(2):404-7.e1, 2014
                                                                                          6. Pinninti SG et al: Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatr Clin North Am. 60(2):351-65, 2013
                                                                                          7. Vossough A et al: Imaging findings of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. Neuroradiology. 50(4):355-66, 2008
                                                                                          8. Baskin HJ et al: Neuroimaging of herpesvirus infections in children. Pediatr Radiol. 37(10):949-63, 2007 
                                                                                          9. Pelligra G et al: Brainstem involvement in neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. Pediatrics. 120(2):e442-6, 2007
                                                                                          10. Dhawan A et al: resonance imaging findings in neonatal herpes encephalitis. J Paediatr Child Health. 42(12):824-6, 2006
                                                                                          11. Frenkel LM: Simplex virus encephalitis. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):795-7. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 115(5):1454, 2005
                                                                                          12. Silvia MT et al: Inflammatory white matter disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 52(4):1107-26, ix, 2005 
                                                                                          13. Schleiss MR: Vertically transmitted herpesvirus infections. Herpes. 10(1):4-11, 2003