Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells
Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma [(NBL), malignant] → ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) → ganglioneuroma [(GN), benign]
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Selected References
Morin CE et al: Imaging for staging of pediatric abdominal tumors: an update, from the AJR Special Series on Cancer Staging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 217(4):786-99, 2021
Morgenstern DA et al: The challenge of defining "ultra-high-risk" neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(4):e27556, 2019
Newman EA et al: Update on neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg. 54(3):383-9, 2019
Pastor ER et al: Current management of neuroblastoma and future direction. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 138:38-43, 2019
Sznewajs A et al: Congenital malformation syndromes associated with peripheral neuroblastic tumors: a systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(10):e27901, 2019
Aygun N: Biological and genetic features of neuroblastoma and their clinical importance. Curr Pediatr Rev. 14(2):73-90, 2018
Chen AM et al: A review of neuroblastoma image-defined risk factors on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1337-47, 2018
Swift CC et al: Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics. 38(2):566-80, 2018
Ahmed AA et al: Neuroblastoma in children: update on clinicopathologic and genetic prognostic factors. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 34(3):165-85, 2017
Kraal K et al: Treatment and outcome of neuroblastoma with intraspinal extension: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 64(8), 2017
Demir S et al: Variations in apparent diffusion coefficient values following chemotherapy in pediatric neuroblastoma. Diagn Interv Radiol. 21(2):184-8, 2015
Maki E et al: Imaging and differential diagnosis of suprarenal masses in the fetus. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):895-904, 2014
Sharp SE et al: Functional-metabolic imaging of neuroblastoma. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 57(1):6-20, 2013
Nour-Eldin NE et al: Pediatric primary and metastatic neuroblastoma: MRI findings: pictorial review. Magn Reson Imaging. 30(7):893-906, 2012
Brisse HJ et al: Guidelines for imaging and staging of neuroblastic tumors: consensus report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Radiology. 261(1):243-57, 2011
Sharp SE et al: Pediatrics: diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Semin Nucl Med. 41(5):345-53, 2011
Cohn SL et al: The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) classification system: an INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol. 27(2):289-97, 2009
Lonergan GJ et al: Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 22(4):911-34, 2002
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells
Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma [(NBL), malignant] → ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) → ganglioneuroma [(GN), benign]
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Selected References
Morin CE et al: Imaging for staging of pediatric abdominal tumors: an update, from the AJR Special Series on Cancer Staging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 217(4):786-99, 2021
Morgenstern DA et al: The challenge of defining "ultra-high-risk" neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(4):e27556, 2019
Newman EA et al: Update on neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg. 54(3):383-9, 2019
Pastor ER et al: Current management of neuroblastoma and future direction. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 138:38-43, 2019
Sznewajs A et al: Congenital malformation syndromes associated with peripheral neuroblastic tumors: a systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(10):e27901, 2019
Aygun N: Biological and genetic features of neuroblastoma and their clinical importance. Curr Pediatr Rev. 14(2):73-90, 2018
Chen AM et al: A review of neuroblastoma image-defined risk factors on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1337-47, 2018
Swift CC et al: Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics. 38(2):566-80, 2018
Ahmed AA et al: Neuroblastoma in children: update on clinicopathologic and genetic prognostic factors. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 34(3):165-85, 2017
Kraal K et al: Treatment and outcome of neuroblastoma with intraspinal extension: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 64(8), 2017
Demir S et al: Variations in apparent diffusion coefficient values following chemotherapy in pediatric neuroblastoma. Diagn Interv Radiol. 21(2):184-8, 2015
Maki E et al: Imaging and differential diagnosis of suprarenal masses in the fetus. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):895-904, 2014
Sharp SE et al: Functional-metabolic imaging of neuroblastoma. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 57(1):6-20, 2013
Nour-Eldin NE et al: Pediatric primary and metastatic neuroblastoma: MRI findings: pictorial review. Magn Reson Imaging. 30(7):893-906, 2012
Brisse HJ et al: Guidelines for imaging and staging of neuroblastic tumors: consensus report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Radiology. 261(1):243-57, 2011
Sharp SE et al: Pediatrics: diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Semin Nucl Med. 41(5):345-53, 2011
Cohn SL et al: The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) classification system: an INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol. 27(2):289-97, 2009
Lonergan GJ et al: Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 22(4):911-34, 2002
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